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931.
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933.
Discipline cost indices and their applications   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Differences in institutional reporting and accounting often reduce the comparability in expenditure data among institutions. This particularly affects interinstitutional comparisons of discipline unit costs, that is, expenditures per credit hour or expenditures per weighted credit hour. To overcome this comparability problem, discipline cost indices have been developed to permit accurate interinstitutional comparisons of relative costs among disciplines. This paper documents how discipline cost indices have been derived, using expenditure data collected from five peer institutions, and how these indices have been implemented in a research university's budget allocation process. Institutional researchers and academic budget planners are the intended audience.Presented at the Thirty-first Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, San Francisco, May 26–29, 1991.  相似文献   
934.
The author gratefully acknowledges the Fulbright U.S.-U.K. Academic Administrator Fellowship program for making his work in Great Britain possible and Dr. Peter Findlay at Portsmouth Polytechnic in England for his editorial assistance.  相似文献   
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The importance of early identification of children at risk for reading failure is clearly established in the literature. The purpose of this longitudinal retrospective study was to further define the relationship between the development of prereading skills and later reading outcome in two groups of children; a group of reading‐disabled children and a group of their normally reading peers. Children's alphabetic knowledge, phonological awareness, and rapid naming skills were explored at the beginning of kindergarten and again prior to first grade as a function of later reading outcomes. Results indicate that differences found between the groups in all measures at prekindergarten age diminish by prefirst grade with the exception of phonological awareness abilities. Findings have direct implications for screening children at risk for reading difficulties and the time‐sensitive nature of these tasks during the preliteracy period.  相似文献   
937.
选择电力驱动还是汽油动力高尔夫球车,这对球会管理者来说确实是一个不小的问题,对高尔夫球车生产企业来说,这更是一个亟需面对的问题。环顾市场,电动高尔夫球车已经占据压倒性优势。这是否意昧着汽油动力已不合时宜?作为一个精明的管理者,在决定购买何种球车之前,还是先详细了解他们的特性吧。[编者按]  相似文献   
938.
The aim of this study was to determine the reproducibility of the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit and the associated exercise time to exhaustion during short-distance running. Fifteen well-trained males (mean +/- s: VO2max = 58.0+/-4.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) performed the maximum accumulated oxygen deficit test at an exercise intensity equivalent to 125% VO2max. The test was repeated at the same time of day on three occasions within 3 weeks. There was no significant systematic bias between trials for either maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (man +/- s: trial 1 = 69.0+/-13.1; trial 2 = 71.4+/-12.5; trial 3 = 70.4+/-15.0 ml O2 Eq x kg(-1); ANOVA, F = 0.70, PP= 0.51) or exercise time to exhaustion (trial 1 = 194 + 31.1; trial 2 = 198 + 33.2; trial 3 = 201 + 36.8 s; F= 1.49, P = 0.24). In addition, other traditional measures of reliability were also favourable. These included intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.91 and 0.87, and sample coefficients of variation of 6.8% and 5.0%, for maximum accumulated oxygen deficit and exercise time to exhaustion respectively. However, the '95% limits of agreement' were 0+/-15.1 ml O2 Eq (1.01 multiply/divide 1.26 as a ratio) and 0+/-33.5 s (1.0 multiply/divide 1.18 as a ratio) for maximum accumulated oxygen deficit and exercise time to exhaustion respectively. We estimate that the sample sizes required to detect a 10% change in exercise time to exhaustion and maximum accumulated oxygen deficit after a repeated measures experiment are 10 and 20 respectively. Unlike the results of previous maximum accumulated oxygen deficit studies, we conclude that it is not a reliable measure.  相似文献   
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