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61.
Kenneth H. McCulloch 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2004,4(2):185-197
Case studies of the contemporary UK sail training movement are used to illustrate the competing expressions of purpose in this field. Two sail training organisations are described and a case study voyage under the aegis of each is presented. The differences between the approaches are analysed as “traditions” or ideologies, articulated through distinctive interpretations of power and contrasting approaches to participation in decision making. It is argued that choices regarding the type of vessel used and the voyages made are not neutral technical decisions but have ideological significance. In conclusion the application of such an analysis to other kinds of outdoor and adventure education is considered. 相似文献
62.
Paul Kim Teresita Hagashi Laura Carillo Irina Gonzales Tamas Makany Bommi Lee Alberto Gàrate 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(4):465-486
Mobile devices are highly portable, easily distributable, substantially affordable, and have the potential to be pedagogically
complementary resources in education. This study, incorporating mixed method analyses, discusses the implications of a mobile
learning technology-based learning model in two public primary schools near the Mexico-USA border in the state of Baja California,
Mexico. One school was located in an urban slum and the other in a rural village community. Empirical and ethnographic data
were collected through a series of achievement tests, observations, surveys, and interviews involving 160 s grade school children
recruited by convenience sampling. The general technology infrastructure, distinctive features of mobile learning to supplement
literacy development, profound contextual phenomena arising from the two uniquely underserved communities, and social factors
possibly influencing the educational experiences are discussed. The findings suggest that students in the rural village, seriously
lacking educational resources and technology exposure, may have benefited substantially more from mobile technologies than
urban school students possibly due to their relatively higher socio-economic status and higher parental involvement and interest
in education. In contrast, there was no evidence of interaction with parental education levels, the experience of teachers
or school principals, or the teacher’s perception or preparation of the technology. Overall, the mobile learning technology
adoption was rapid, seamless, and actively driven by the students rather than the teacher. The challenges of the phenomenal
migratory nature of most families in this unique geographical region are also discussed to benefit future studies. 相似文献
63.
The transition to kindergarten represents an important developmental milestone for children and may pose unique challenges
to children with disabilities, their families, and teachers. The primary goal of the current study was to investigate teacher
concerns regarding the transition to kindergarten as well as teacher and parent-reported transition preparation practices
and involvement for a sample of children with autism spectrum disorders (n = 19) and children with other developmental disabilities (n = 76). Teachers reported significantly more concerns for children in the ASD group than for children in the DD group, although
there was no difference in total involvement in transition practices between groups. Although teacher and parent involvement
in transition preparation was generally high, generic less individualized practices often were utilized. Study findings are
discussed in the context of future research directions to help facilitate kindergarten transitions for young children with
disabilities. 相似文献
64.
In educational research, emotion has attracted substantial attention since the mid-1990s. While there are many studies of teacher emotion in educational change in the West, there is a remarkable dearth of such studies in China. This qualitative study attempts to address this issue by examining teachers?? emotional experiences in the national curriculum reform of senior secondary education in China. Results indicate that teachers revealed complex emotional responses to the reform. These emotions were related to teachers?? perceptions about the use of new textbooks, teaching approaches, and, more importantly, the uncertain changes in college entrance examinations. Three types of teachers with different emotions and professional identities are identified in the reform (i.e., the losing heart accommodators, the drifting followers, and the cynical performers). These findings highlight the Chinese perspective on teacher emotion and provide some implications for the management of curriculum reform and teacher emotion in the Chinese context. 相似文献
65.
Taking lower-secondary schooling within the English educational system as an example, this paper illustrates the contribution
of two bodies of international scholarship to the scoping of research-based pedagogical development aimed at improving student
attitude and achievement in science and mathematics. After sketching the English context of systemic reform, the paper uses
findings from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) series to illuminate changes in performance,
analysed within a framework of cross-system and between-subject comparison. Contrary to the optimistic picture from national
assessment, the TIMSS findings suggest that systemic reform has produced fundamental gains only in student achievement in
mathematics, and serious declines in student attitude towards both mathematics and science. Prompted by more favourable patterns
elsewhere, the paper then triangulates the findings of recent meta-analytic research syntheses to identify promising lines
of pedagogical development. Despite important differences in the conceptual frameworks and analytic methods of these syntheses,
reasonably robust conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of four teaching components: domain-specific inquiry for student achievement in both subjects, student attitude in science, and learning processes in mathematics; cooperative group work for learning and attitude in science; contextual orientation for achievement in science; and active teaching for achievement in mathematics. Equally, discrepancies between findings or insufficiencies of evidence highlight a number
of impacts particularly deserving deeper analysis or further investigation: cooperative group work on achievement outcomes, differing forms of learning assessment on both attitude and achievement outcomes, contextual orientation on outcomes in mathematics, and active teaching on outcomes in science. 相似文献
66.
The purpose of this study was to determine the services required by students in special education programs and to estimate
the cost of adequately funding special education in Taiwan. Questionnaires were administered to 300 special education teachers
at the elementary school level to identify the services required. Thereafter, two focus group interviews were organized to
determine the service categories and their cost. The results show that the costs for special education programs vary significantly
according to severity of disability, and the weighting for mildly, moderately, and severely disabled students was found to
be 3.7, 4.5, and 5.2, respectively. The costs also vary significantly according to the category of disability, and the weighting
was found to range from 3.6 for emotionally disabled students and to 5.9 for hearing impaired students. These findings suggest
that the current special education funding formula in Taiwan, which ignores these cost differences, should be revamped. 相似文献
67.
Dongil Kim Eunyoung Koh Sora Jeong Kijyung Lee Boongnyun Kim Ienai Kim 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2011,12(4):581-591
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities (LD) are the most commonly diagnosed childhood disorders,
and they frequently co-occur with each other. It has been found that students with comorbidity of ADHD and LD experience more
difficulties in school. Even though the research interests in the comorbidity of ADHD and LD are increasing, there are inconsistent
results in research studies and insufficient understanding of the comorbidity of ADHD and LD. This study attempts to grasp
the progress of the studies in the comorbidity of ADHD and LD in Korea and to suggest the future directions for following
research. A total of 90 studies published between 1987 and 2009 are examined. First, we analyze the studies that examined
the learning problems of ADHD and then identify the characteristics of the learning problems in ADHD group. Afterwards, we
investigate the studies that dealt with the attention problems of LD and then discuss the characteristics of the attention
problems in LD group. Third, we identify the differences between ADHD and LD and synthesize the research findings. Finally,
we analyze the studies conducted in conjunction with the comorbidity of ADHD and LD. On lightening the research of the comorbidity
on three aspects, we find the research trend in Korea and provide the implications for future studies on the comorbidity of
ADHD and LD. Furthermore, we suggest that it is important to identify comorbid conditions at the early stage, and it is necessary
to conduct multidisciplinary research and international comparison research. 相似文献
68.
Richard Cox Jean Mckendree Richard Tobin John Lee Terry Mayes 《Instructional Science》1999,27(6):431-458
This study examined learning in the domain of sentence parsing and syntax treediagram construction. The aim of the study was to assess whether subjects could learn vicariously from recordings of interactions between a previous student and a tutor.Four intervention conditions and a control condition were compared. Subjects in a dialogue group (DL) read printed tutorial notes and subsequently vicariously viewed dynamic (animated) recordings of tree diagrams being constructed by a previous student in the presence of a tutor.The discourse (DI) condition was similar except that subjects viewed recordings of tree diagrams being constructed by a tutor who concurrently verbalised instructional discourse.In a third condition (DO), subjects viewed tree-diagram construction animation clips which were not annotated with either dialogue or discourse. In a linear text (LT) condition, subjects were given only printed tutorial notes. A control (CO) condition involved pre and post testing without any intervention.Results indicated that the dialogue condition was as effective as the discourse condition. This provides support for contention that re-usable dialogue is a useful resource for the vicarious learner. Another finding was that un-annotated animated diagrams were surprisingly effective. Several reasons for their effectiveness are suggested from the literature on instructional animations. 相似文献
69.
The science achievement of 226 5th graders from districts that have a kit-based inquiry science curriculum supported by intensive
professional development (PD) is compared with data from a group of 173 5th graders from other districts that use nonkit science
materials and do not have systematic science PD for teachers. Within the kit-based project, the sample of project teachers
is stratified to select teachers with a high number of science PD hours versus those with few hours. While there were no significant
differences in the mean total scores for kit-based students with low PD versus high PD teachers, the kit-based classrooms
scored significantly higher than students in nonkit classrooms on both the pretest and posttest, though there were significantly
more minutes of science instruction in the nonkit classrooms. Finally, nonkit teachers taught more units of shorter length
and reported lower levels of preparedness to use reform pedagogical approaches. 相似文献
70.
Janice T. Gibson Marvin J. Westwood F. Ishu Ishiyama William A. Borgen Susan M. Showalter Qasem Al-Sarraf Semiha A. Atakan Isaura R. F. Guimares A. Lina Guisti-Ortiz Margaret Robertson Benjamin Shafrir Peter De Weerdt Gundelina A. Velazco Carol E. Baker Maria Dikaiou Tatiana Gabay Lina Kashyup Ilona Lee Maria E. Felce Di Paula Hillman Ngunangwa Nina F. Talyzina 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1991,14(3):203-216