Student teachers’ emotional landscapes in self- and co-regulated learning     

Emmi Saariaho  Henrika Anttila  Auli Toom  Tiina Soini  Janne Pietarinen  Kirsi Pyhältö 《Teachers and Teaching》2018,24(5):538-558

Self- and co-regulation are central elements in skillful student-teacher learning. Studies have confirmed the interrelation between positive academic emotions and student engagement in self-regulated learning. There are also indicators of student-teachers experiencing co-regulative learning activities as highly significant. Yet, we know surprisingly little about the emotional landscape of the self- and co-regulation of learning among student-teachers. Hence, in this study, we explore the kinds of academic emotions that primary school student-teachers experience during self- and co-regulated learning. Altogether 19 Finnish primary school student-teachers were interviewed. The data were qualitatively content analyzed. The results showed that both self- and co-regulated learning experiences were emotionally activating. Student-teachers reported primarily positive emotions (80%) in self- and co-regulated learning. The results also showed that positive activating emotions, such as enthusiasm, were emphasized in all regulatory phases: goal setting and task analysis, strategy use and monitoring, and reflection. Our findings on the high frequency of various positive emotions embedded in self- and co-regulated learning confirmed that positive activating emotions are essential elements in student-teachers self- and co-regulated learning. The findings imply that self- and co-regulated learning can trigger a positive cycle in student-teacher learning in terms of both emotions and productive learning.  相似文献   

Lifelong learning: Formal,non-formal and informal learning in the context of the use of problem-solving skills in technology-rich environments     

H. Nygren  K. Nissinen  R. Hämäläinen  B. De Wever 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2019,50(4):1759-1770

The evolving technological landscape in the digital era has a crucial influence on lifelong learning and the demand for problem-solving skills. In this paper, we identify associations between formal, non-formal and informal learning with sufficient problem-solving skills in technology-rich environments (TRE). We focus on adults' problem-solving skills in TRE as a novel approach to investigate formal, non-formal and informal learning based on data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies. This programme measured 16–64-year-old adults' proficiency in problem-solving skills in TRE. The total sample size was 61 654 individuals from 13 European countries. Our results clearly indicate that the skill levels of more than 50% of adults aged 16–64 years old seem to be insufficient to cope effectively in TRE. The findings suggest that the learning ecologies of adults are a combination of formal, non-formal and informal learning activities. The overall level of problem-solving skills in TRE was higher among individuals who indicated that they have participated either formal or non-formal learning activities, compared to those who have not. However, interestingly, the association between formal learning and problem-solving skills in TRE was not major. Instead, our results clearly indicate that informal learning seems to be highly associated with sufficient problem-solving skills in TRE. In practice, we outline those formal, non-formal and informal learning activities that adults perform when applying the skills in TRE. By recognising these activities undertaken by sufficient problem solvers, we can promote lifelong learning skills. Our findings can also be used as a starting point for future studies on lifelong learning.  相似文献   

Teachers' and parents' reports on 3- to 6-year-old children's sexual behavior--a comparison     

Larsson I  Svedin CG 《Child abuse & neglect》2002,26(3):247-266

OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of the study was to compare observed range and frequency of sexual behavior in 3- to 6-year-olds in two different environments: the home and the daycare center. The study also aimed to investigate parental and staff opinions on child sexual behavior. METHODS: Parents and daycare teachers of 185 preschool children, from different socio-economic housing areas, answered extensive questionnaires about each child's sexual and general behavior. They were also asked about their own opinions on child sexual behavior. RESULTS: Parents observed significantly more sexual behavior in their children at home compared to teachers' observations at the daycare centers in all age groups, while teachers reported more general behavior problems. Significant gender differences on sexual behavior were displayed at the daycare centers but not at home. Rare behaviors at home were also very unusual at the daycare center. Parental and staff attitudes toward child sexuality were quite open, although 67% of the parents and 41% of the teachers never spoke to the children on sexual matters. One fifth of the adults used no term for genitals at all, and even fewer had a name for girls' genitals. The findings indicate that young children explore their sexuality more at home than in settings with groups of children where the daily activities may be more structured and monitored. It enhances the importance of looking at the context in which the sexual behavior is taking place when investigating problematic sexual behavior.  相似文献   

ASPECTS OF STUDENT SOCIALIZATION IN HUNGARY     

Vera Déri  Pál Völgyesi 《Higher Education in Europe》1985,10(1):37-42

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Do Students' Religion and School Absences Moderate the Effect of Ethnic Stereotypes on School-Placement Recommendations?     

Florian Klapproth  Henrike Kärchner  Sabine Glock 《Journal of Experimental Education》2018,86(2):173-194

The results of two experiments demonstrate that preservice teachers made biased school-placement recommendations depending on student's ethnicity, which on average penalized students from an ethnic minority. Moreover, additional information that was supposed to disconfirm ethnic stereotypes (religious affiliation in Experiment 1, number of missed school days in Experiment 2) led to more high-track recommendations for low-achieving minority students and to fewer high-track recommendations for high-achieving minority students. Conversely, stereotype-disconfirming information exerted little or no influence on the recommendations for high-achieving native students but worsened recommendations for low-achieving students. The results were interpreted as being based either on subtyping (predominantly for minority Turkish students) or subgrouping (predominantly for majority German students) of ethnic stereotypes.  相似文献   

Belastung und Beanspruchung von Lehrern und Schülern am Gymnasium     

Oliver Böhm-Kasper  Horst Weishaupt 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2002,5(3):472-499

Die Frage, ob 12 oder 13 Schuljahre notwendig sind, um erfolgreich zum Abitur zu gelangen, wird seit Jahren in Deutschland kontrovers diskutiert. Sp?testens seit der Ver?ffentlichung der Ergebnisse des weltweiten mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Leistungsvergleichs (TIMSS) steht dieses Thema auf der bildungspolitischen Tagesordnung. In die seitdem nicht abrei?ende Debatte um die Schulzeitdauer wurde auch das Argument einer erh?hten und damit nicht zumutbaren Belastung und Beanspruchung von Lehrern und Schülern durch eine 12-j?hrige Schulzeit eingebracht. Die Autoren dieses Beitrags haben dieses Argument für die Situation an Thüringer Gymnasien empirisch überprüft. Mittels standardisierter Frageb?gen wurden rund 5.500 Schüler und 1.100 Lehrer in Thüringen (12 Schuljahre), Bayern und Brandenburg (jeweils 13 Schuljahre) befragt. — Bei der begrifflichen Trennung von Belastung und Beanspruchung orientieren sich die Autoren an psychologischtransaktionalen Modellen der Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung belastender Situationen. In diesem Beitrag wird deshalb nicht nur die zeitliche Belastung an Gymnasien in den Blick genommen, sondern auch der Frage nach den Auswirkungen der zeitlichen Belastung auf das Belastungserleben (Beanspruchung) von Lehrern und Schülern nachgegangen. Abschlie?end werden die von den Autoren analysierten Zusammenh?nge zwischen zeitlicher Belastung, situativen Bedingungen und Beanspruchung von Lehrern und Schülern am Gymnasium im Hinblick auf die forschungsleitende Fragestellung diskutiert.  相似文献   

Children involved in bullying: psychological disturbance and the persistence of the involvement     

Kumpulainen K  Räsänen E  Henttonen I 《Child abuse & neglect》1999,23(12):411-1262

OBJECTIVE: This follow-up investigation studied the extent of bullying among children aged 8 (Study 1) and 12 (Study 2), and measured the persistence of this behaviour. The relationship between bullying and psychological disturbance at these two time points was also studied. Furthermore, the relationships between bullying and some background factors were investigated. METHOD: 1268 children were studied at two time points using three different questionnaires. Parents filled out the Rutter A2 Scale, teachers the Rutter B2 Scale and children themselves the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). RESULTS: Males outnumbered females at both time points among bullies, bully-victims (children who both bully and are victims) and victims. There was a clear difference between the genders among bullies and bully-victims, but the difference was quite minimal among victims. The number of children involved in bullying declined somewhat during the 4-year follow-up period, and a substantial number of children changed status, bullies became bully-victims for example. Nearly half the children involved in bullying in Study 2 had been involved 4 years earlier. Those children who were bully-victims in Study 1 were most commonly found to be still involved in bullying 4 years later. At both time points, children involved in bullying were found to have significantly more psychiatric symptoms than other children, and to be psychologically disturbed. Males and children from low SES families were more prone to continue to be involved in bullying over a 4-year period. CONCLUSIONS: Bullying is common among children, and in many cases lasts for years. Bully-victims are particularly at risk of remaining involved in bullying over longer periods. Also, children involved in bullying often have psychiatric problems and are disturbed.  相似文献   

Relative age effects in a cognitive task: A case study of youth chess     

Werner F. Helsen  Joseph Baker  Joerg Schorer  Christina Steingröver  Nick Wattie  Janet L. Starkes 《High Ability Studies》2016,27(2):211-221

The relative age effect (RAE) has been demonstrated in many youth and professional sports. In this study, we hypothesized that there would also be a RAE among youth chess players who are typically involved in a complex cognitive task without significant physical requirements. While typical RAEs have been observed in adult chess players, in this paper we wanted to focus primarily on youth chess players. In addition, we also examined RAEs in both participation rates and performance levels in a national chess championship. Therefore, the RAE was examined in a complex cognitive task that has no significant physical requirements, more specifically among youth chess players. Data were analyzed (1) for all registered Belgian youth chess players over a 5-year period (2009–2013) and (2) for participants of the Belgian youth championship 2013. Results indicated an overall RAE among all Belgian youth chess players over the last 5 years. The likelihood of participation was significantly greater for players born in the first birth-date quartile (χ² = 10.21, p < .05; r = ?.77, p < .01; w = .07) and the likelihood of participation decreased when youth chess players were born in the last quartile of the year. These effects were most prominent in the under-8 and under-10 year olds. There also appeared to be a performance-related RAE. Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests (p < .05) showed that players born in the first months of the selection year were significantly more often in the top 10 players for each age level of the Belgian Youth Championship 2013.  相似文献   

The school staff's perception of their ability to teach special educational needs pupils in inclusive settings in Finland     

Birgit Paju  Lauri Räty  Raija Pirttimaa  Elina Kontu 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2016,20(8):801-815

Recent studies have suggested that the professional training received by general educators does not adequately prepare them to properly implement inclusion-based practices. The idea of inclusion in practice has not significantly changed the situation of teaching pupils with special educational needs (SENs) in mainstream classes. This study's primary intent is to examine the factors that identify the school staff's ability to meet the needs of SEN pupils in their daily teaching situations. A total of 187 elementary school teachers, principals and teaching assistants in a Finnish city completed a structured questionnaire that used a self-evaluation method. Two components were generalised according to answers concerning the respondents’ confidence in and knowledge of teaching SEN pupils. The results indicate that teachers’ qualifications constitute the main reason affecting their ability in this area. Pedagogical and practical knowledge, as well as collaborative skills in teaching SEN pupils, is focused on special educators. These findings reveal the need for additional and in-service training and more effective cooperation between special and general education to share the knowledge of teaching SEN pupils in practice.  相似文献   

A multi-disciplinary collaborative project developing public health higher education in four higher education institutes in Africa and Europe     

Ari Haaranen  Juhani Miettola  Arja T. Erkkilä 《Africa Education Review》2016,13(1):102-119

The HEI-ICI project involves cooperation between the University of Eastern Finland (UEF) and three African partners. The main aim of the project, now in its fourth year, has been to develop education in health sciences and to improve the quality of teaching. The target has been to develop the skills of selected junior faculty from the Public Health departments, library and IT centres at partner universities. The data was collected during the project in 2010–2014. Written and visual material was analysed using deductive content analysis. The main obstacles researchers were faced with while working in the project have been cultural: the project encouraged different cultures – not only European and African but also pan-African – to meet and work together. This novel approach to learning and teaching is based on the concept of cooperation, collaboration and trust between all of the participating partners; its foundation is the full ownership by the less developed Southern partner institutions.  相似文献