Value orientations: a description of teachers' goals for student learning     

C D Ennis  W M Zhu 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1991,62(1):33-40

This study examined the extent to which physical educators made consistent decisions regarding goals for student learning within five educational value orientations. The research examined value orientations within hypothetical educational situations as represented by a paper and pencil inventory. Ninety physical educators in three school districts in the midwest completed the Value Orientation Inventory (VOI). Total scores from each value orientation on the VOI were converted to T-scores and used to divide teachers into two groups representing high and low priority categories. Chi-square tests were used to examine the data by gender, teaching level, and teacher's years of experience. Results indicated that 97% of the physical educators made consistent curricular and instructional decisions within one or more of the value orientations. There were no significant differences based on gender, level, or teaching experience.  相似文献   

The role of value orientations in curricular decision making: a rationale for teachers' goals and expectations.     

C D Ennis  J Ross  A Chen 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1992,63(1):38-47

This research examined the role of value orientations in curricular decision making from the perspective of high school physical education teachers and students. Educational value orientations served as the theoretical base for the research. Teachers who exhibited one of two paired orientations, disciplinary mastery/learning process (DM/LP) or ecological integration/social reconstruction (EI/SR), were interviewed to examine the extent to which their value orientations influenced their stated (a) goals for student learning, and (b) expectations for academic performance and behavior. Students were also interviewed to investigate the extent to which they acknowledged these goals and expectations. Data were analyzed using constant comparison. Results suggested that goals and expectations of DM/LP and EI/SR teachers were distinctly different and that comments from students in the EI/SR teachers' classes did not reflect their teachers' goals and expectations. Dynamical system theory was used to conceptualize value orientations as attractors within the educational ecosystem. Teachers working from weak EI/SR value attractors may be limited by learner, instructional, and contextual constraints.  相似文献   

EMG amplitude and spatial assimilation effects in rapid bimanual movement.     

D E Sherwood  K M Nishimura 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1992,63(3):284-291

To investigate whether spatial assimilation effects are due to premovement control processes or postinitiation feedback processes, surface EMG recordings were made from two agonists and one antagonist during both single and dual movements involving the upper limb(s). In the single condition, subjects (N = 7) made 25 Short (20 degrees) and 25 Long (60 degrees) reversal movements using levers in the sagittal plane, in 195 ms to reversal. In the dual condition, both Short and Long movements were performed simultaneously for 75 trials, the last 25 of which were without knowledge of results. Subjects overshot the Short target in the dual condition, showing spatial assimilation effects. Overshooting was associated with increased peak EMG in the initial (premovement) agonist burst, supporting the notion that spatial assimilation effects are modulated via premovement control processes.  相似文献   

User interactions with the PDQ cancer information system.     

D J Shaw  R F Czaja 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1992,80(1):29-35

Searches by end users and intermediaries on the online PDQ (Physician Data Query) cancer information system were observed. With the National Library of Medicine (NLM) menu-based interface, end users (physicians) averaged fewer steps per question, while with the BRS command-drive interface, intermediaries appeared to be more efficient. Cancer Information Service (CIS) searchers, who have more PDQ experience than end users or intermediaries, made greater use of command stacking to anticipate menu selections. Retrieval was more complete in the NLM system, where both the menus and predefined print formats assisted the searchers.  相似文献   

All aboard the internet     

Don E. Descy Ph.D. 《TechTrends》1994,39(5):13-14

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John Wilson on the Necessity of Punishment[1]     

James D. Marshall 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》1984,18(1):97-104

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Physiological aspects of competitive cross-country skiing.     

M D Hoffman  P S Clifford 《Journal of sports sciences》1992,10(1):3-27

The physiological demands of cross-country skiing require competitive skiers to have high maximal oxygen uptakes and anaerobic thresholds. Anaerobic capacity has a relatively less important role, but may be of greater importance today with the faster race velocities resulting from the new skiing techniques of ski skating. Although use of the ski skating techniques results in faster race velocities than the classical techniques, it has been found that under some conditions the double-pole technique is more economical than other skiing techniques. It is suggested that this results from a more effective storage and recovery of elastic energy, a greater proportion of the forces being directed along the line of travel, and a lower air resistance due to greater trunk and hip flexion with the double-pole technique. The greater economy of the double-pole technique suggests that this may be advantageous in certain race conditions if the upper body is adequately prepared. The greater propulsive forces generated with the upper body with ski skating also suggest that training of the upper body should receive more emphasis. The potential cardiovascular adaptations from cross-country ski training appear to be similar for the classical and skating techniques, yet training specificity is important for optimal performance.  相似文献   

Corporation as college     

William F. Brazziel Ph.D. 《Innovative Higher Education》1988,12(2):126-130

The Ph.D. program of the RAND Graduate School is one of the more innovative programs in America. The dynamics of innovation, e.g., environmental press as the engine of change and creativity as the wellspring of innovative programming, are illustrated vividly in the beginnings of the RAND corporation and its establishment of the RAND Graduate School to operate a free-standing Ph.D. program in policy analysis. Colleges and universities have much to learn-and nothing to fear-from this corporate newcomer to graduate education. Their own innovative efforts in graduate education can be enhanced through careful study of the RAND experience.  相似文献   

The Samuel T. Orton awards for 1987 presented by The Orton Dyslexia Society to Alice H. Garside and Lucius Waites     

Edwin Cole M.D. 《Annals of dyslexia》1988,38(1):viii-xiv

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Is Language Learned?1     

D. E. Cooper 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》1975,9(1):93-104

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