Effects of unsteady conditions on propulsion generated by the hand’s motion in swimming: a systematic review     

Lara Elena Gomes  Jefferson Fagundes Loss 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(16):1641-1648

The understanding of swimming propulsion is a key factor in the improvement of performance in this sport. Propulsive forces have been quantified under steady conditions since the 1970s, but actual swimming involves unsteady conditions. Thus, the purpose of the present article was to review the effects of unsteady conditions on swimming propulsion based on studies that have compared steady and unsteady conditions while exploring their methods, their limitations and their results, as well as encouraging new studies based on the findings of this systematic review. A multiple database search was performed, and only those studies that met all eligibility criteria were included. Six studies that compared steady and unsteady conditions using physical experiments or numerical simulations were selected. The selected studies verified the effects of one or more factors that characterise a condition as unsteady on the propulsive forces. Consequently, much research is necessary to understand the effect of each individual variable that characterises a condition as unsteady on swimming propulsion, as well as the effects of these variables as a whole on swimming propulsion.  相似文献   

Which Setting to Choose: Comparison of Whole-Class vs. Small-Group Computer Simulation Use     

Lara K. Smetana  Randy L. Bell 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2014,23(4):481-495

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After Joseph: teaching,equality and culture     

Bernard Barker 《Cambridge Journal of Education》1986,16(3):171-175

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Book reviews     

D. Bruce Johnstone  Samuel E. Kellams  J. Burke  L. J. Barker  Gareth Williams 《Higher Education》1981,10(5):605-612

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The Management Charter Initiative: an interim assessment     

Dennis Barker 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》1993,18(2):125-134

The background to the Management Charter Initiative (MCI) and its relationship to National Vocational Qualifications are described. An assessment is made of the MCI approach and the author's experience of a Certificate in Management course.  相似文献   

Cataloguing and Retrieval of Inter-Related Resource Material     

Anne L Barker  John Cowan 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1978,9(1):59-69

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Relationship Between Adjustment and Support Types: Young and Mature-aged Local and International First Year University Students     

Sheryl Ramsay  Elizabeth Jones  Michelle Barker 《Higher Education》2007,54(2):247-265

First year university is an important transition context for students. The present study examined the relationship between adjustment and support types, sources and levels of support, and satisfaction with levels of support, for first year students in an Australian university. Comparisons were made between young (17–21 year olds) and mature-aged students and local and international students. Findings indicate that well-adjusted students reported higher levels of social companionship support than the less adjusted group. Many students would have liked more support overall. In comparison to the local group, international students would have liked to receive more emotional, practical and informational support. The implications for service provision and university strategies are discussed.  相似文献   

Preschool outcomes of children of depressed mothers: role of maternal behavior,contextual risk,and children's brain activity     

Dawson G  Ashman SB  Panagiotides H  Hessl D  Self J  Yamada E  Embry L 《Child development》2003,74(4):1158-1175

Children of depressed mothers are at risk for behavioral and emotional problems. Infants of depressed mothers exhibit behavioral disturbances and atypical frontal brain activity. The mechanisms by which children develop such vulnerabilities are not clear. Three-year-old children of mothers with (N = 65) and without (N = 59) a history of depression were assessed in terms of behavior problems and brain electrical activity. Children of mothers with chronic depression exhibited lower frontal and parietal brain activation compared with children of mothers without depression and those whose depression remitted. Depressed mothers reported higher contextual risk (e.g., marital discord and stress) and their children had more behavior problems. Children's frontal brain activation and contextual risk level mediated the relation between maternal depression and child behavior problems.  相似文献   

A Practical Introduction to Authoring for Computer Assisted Instruction. Part 2: PILOT     

P G Barker  R Singh 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1983,14(3):174-188

PILOT is a CAI author language that is available on a wide variety of computer systems. This paper presents an overview of the language in terms of its structure and mode of operation. Some experiments designed to assess the usefulness of this authoring system are then described.  相似文献   

ICT背景下的教与学   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ray Barker  蔚蓝 《中国教育技术装备》2006,(1):61-63

本文对ICT背景下教师教学和学生学习及其相互之间的关系进行了探讨。以大量的调查材料为依据，提出ICT技术装备的优越性和教学应用中存在的问题。  相似文献