State literacies and inequality: Managing Haitian immigrants in the Dominican Republic     

Lesley Bartlett  Kiran Jayaram  Gulin Bonhomme 《International Journal of Educational Development》2011

For decades, Haitians have immigrated to the Dominican Republic in search of a better life, yet such hopes have been elusive for many. Since the 1980s, in the midst of shifting economic and political conditions, changing interpretations of the Constitution have increasingly denied Dominican citizenship to children born to Haitians in the Dominican Republic. Drawing on qualitative interviews with people of Haitian descent, the article demonstrates how citizenship claims are textually mediated, and it examines how agents of the Dominican state exert authority over Haitian- and Dominican-born people of Haitian descent through literacy events and literacy practices. Specifically, we consider not only how the withholding of documents shaped immigrants’ lives but also how state agents selectively and arbitrarily interpreted documents, such as passports, visas, birth certificates, and national identity cards, based upon various factors, including witnesses to the social interaction, whether bribes were forthcoming, and the state agent's determination of the social and economic value of the document bearer. While dominant development discourses routinely suggest that literacy skills provide a protective factor and potentially redress inequality, we demonstrate that literacy events are yet another social interaction in which authorities with power easily impose their interpretations on vulnerable populations.  相似文献   

Is movement variability important for sports biomechanists?     

Bartlett R  Wheat J  Robins M 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2007,6(2):224-243

This paper overviews the importance for sports biomechanics of movement variability, which has been studied for some time by cognitive and ecological motor skills specialists but, until quite recently, had somewhat been overlooked by sports biomechanists. The paper considers biomechanics research reporting inter- and intra-individual movement variability in javelin and discus throwing, basketball shooting, and locomotion. The overview does not claim to be comprehensive and we exclude such issues as the theoretical background to movement and coordination variability and their measurement. We overview evidence, both theoretical and empirical, of inter-individual movement variability in seeking to achieve the same task goal, in contrast to the concept of "optimal" movement patterns. Furthermore, even elite athletes cannot reproduce identical movement patterns after many years of training, contradicting the ideas of motor invariance and "representative" trials. We contend that movement variability, far from being solely due to neuromuscular system or measurement "noise"--as sports biomechanists may have previously supposed--is, or could be, functional. Such functionality could allow environmental adaptations, reduce injury risk, and facilitate changes in coordination patterns. We conclude by recommending that sports biomechanists should focus more of their research on movement variability and on important related topics, such as control and coordination of movement, and implications for practice and skill learning.  相似文献   

Bakelite,a condensation product of phenols and formaldehyde,and its uses     

Leo H. Baekeland 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1910,169(1):55-60

Bakelite is a liquid compound of phenol and formaldehyde which on solidification resembles amber in appearance and when used in combination with wood, paper, asbestos, graphite and other substances produces a solid non-resistant, non-inflammable insulating material which promises to have many applications in various industries.  相似文献   

Literacy in the world     

Leo Goldstone 《Prospects》1972,2(3):353-355

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那个身影的回忆     

张梦然 《当代体育》2010,(8):70-70

雪开始化了．春天真的来了,抚摸着春的气息,在等待中迎接又一段充满勃勃生机的时光。枝头的嫩芽,街边的长椅,一瓶红茶．一本杂志,细细品味——在学习和生活之间．就这样这成完善的衔接。  相似文献   

Upper extremity kinematics and body roll during preferred-side breathing and breath-holding front crawl swimming.     

C J Payton  R M Bartlett  V Baltzopoulos  R Coombs 《Journal of sports sciences》1999,17(9):689-696

Front crawl swimmers often restrict the number of breaths they take during a race because of the possible adverse effects of the breathing action on resistance or stroke mechanics. The aim of this study was to determine whether differences exist in the kinematics of the trunk and upper extremity used during preferred-side breathing and breath-holding front crawl swimming. Six male swimmers performed trials at their 200 m race pace under breathing and breath-holding conditions. The underwater arm stroke was filmed from the front and side using video cameras suspended over periscope systems. Video recordings were digitized at 50 Hz and the three-dimensional coordinates of the upper extremity obtained using a direct linear transformation algorithm. Body roll angles were obtained by digitizing video recordings of a balsa wood fin attached to the swimmers' backs. The swimmers performed the breathing action without any decrement in stroke length (mean +/- s: breathing 2.24 +/- 0.27 m; breath-holding 2.15 +/- 0.22 m). Stroke widths were similar in the breathing (0.28 +/- 0.07 m) and breath-holding (0.27 +/- 0.07 m) trials, despite swimmers rolling further when taking a breath (66 +/- 5 degrees) than when not (57 +/- 4 degrees). The timing of the four underwater phases of the stroke was also unaffected by the breathing action, with swimmers rolling back towards the neutral position during the insweep phase. In conclusion, the results suggest that front crawl swimmers can perform the breathing action without it interfering with their basic stroke parameters. The insweep phase of the stroke assists body roll and not vice versa as suggested in previous studies.  相似文献   

To Bundle or Not to Bundle? How Western European Newspapers Package Their Online Content     

Valérie-Anne Bleyen  Leo Van Hove 《Journal of Media Economics》2013,26(3):117-142

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Riding Geronimo's Cadillac: His Own Story and the Circumstancing of Text     

John Robert Leo 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》1978,1(4):818-837

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The collection of educational data     

Leo Fernig 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1963,9(2):215-225

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数据质量方案:一家大型教学医院的研究案例     

Leo L.Pipino  李霞  苏颖 《中国科技资源导刊》2009,41(2)

本文提供了一家大型教学医院的案例.介绍其数据质量措施和对信息产品图的一个变种的应用.这些内容经发展后,可以对患者层的数据质量进行建模、分析和改进,并成为医院必须向各州办公室提交的健康计划与发展报告.  相似文献