A new paradigm for evolution     

Ho MW  Saunders P  Fox S 《New scientist (1971)》1986,109(1497):41-43

Standard evolutionary theory sees little beyond the natural selection of random variation. Yet there is more to life.  相似文献   

Disseminating the right information to the right audience: cultural determinants in the use (and misuse) of rankings   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Leon Cremonini  Don Westerheijden  Jürgen Enders 《Higher Education》2008,55(3):373-385

Rankings and league tables, or Report Cards (RCs), of Higher Education Institutions have become a global phenomenon. Their purpose, it is claimed, is to help “student-consumers” make informed decisions. Yet the degree to which RCs succeed in helping students in their college choice is disputed. Even though RCs are intended for all, which information is sought and how it is used may differ between potential students hailing from different social, economic and cultural backgrounds. In particular, RCs may neglect certain cultural determinants that influence students’ college choice behaviour. The article reviews the literature on the cultural determinants of college choice and especially the use of RCs in the ambit of cultural determinants. In the United States, possibly because of evident educational gaps between ethnic groups in society, the issue of cultural perceptions in college choice has been addressed, albeit scantly. In Europe, this field of study is virtually non-existent, despite increasing indications that second and third generation immigrants still lag behind in terms of higher education participation and graduation rates.

Jürgen EndersEmail:

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Call for papers     

Leon Tikly 《Higher Education》1988,17(4):376-376

Call for papersSecond international symposium on the role of the universities in developing areas  相似文献   

Changeover contingencies and choice on concurrent schedules     

Leon R. Dreyfus  Dee Deporto-Callan  Sarah Anna Pesillo 《Learning & behavior》1993,21(3):203-213

Pigeons were trained on a multiple concurrent schedule with two components per session. In one component, changing schedules required the completion of a small fixed ratio on the switching key (a fixed-ratio changeover, or FRCO), and in the other component, changing schedules required only one switching response but engaged a changeover delay (COD) during which keypecks were not reinforced. Response ratios overmatched reinforcer ratios under the FRCO but undermatched under the COD. There was no difference in time allocation. In addition to these molar regularities in behavior, there were characteristic differences in performance at the molecular level. These local patterns of behavior, which can be explained within the context of contingencies created by the different changeover requirements, appear to underlie differences in performance at the molar level. Obtained molar differences in performance are not compatible with the assumption that there is a “general outcome” on concurrent schedules; and explaining these molar differences in performance in terms of the local contingencies of reinforcement is contrary to the assumption that behavior is allocated as a function of molar distributions of reinforcers.  相似文献   

Narrowmobilization and Tea Party Activism: A Study of Right-Leaning Alternative Media     

Joshua D. Atkinson  Suzanne Valerie Leon Berg 《Communication Studies》2013,64(5):519-535

Past research concerning the theoretical framework of Resistance Performance (RP) has been based on observations of liberal organizations and activists. In the following essay, we engage in a qualitative content analysis of alternative media utilized by conservative “Tea Party” activists to build on the concept of RP. Overall, we discovered that the dominant theme found in much of the content focuses on “purity,” which is considerably different from past RP research that found broad themes of “human rights,” “democracy,” “be the media,” and “principles of unity” embedded within liberal alternative media content. We conclude that the theme of “purity” gives rise to narrowmobilization, which constructs very focused protest communities within right-leaning politics.  相似文献   

Effects of Class Size and Equipment Availability on Student Involvement in Physical Education     

Peter A. Hastie  John E. Saunders 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(3):212-224

This study examined the effects of two different environmental conditions upon the classroom behaviors of teachers and students. Three primary school physical education teachers were videotaped teaching introductory soccer lessons to year 5 and 6 students. Class sizes were 12, 24, and 44; equipment availability was either unlimited or limited to two balls and four markers. The “academic learning time-physical education” instrument was used to measure teachers’ time allocations to subject matter and student involvement. Students in the double-sized class conditions spent significantly more time in nonacademic tasks and in game/scrimmage motor activities, whereas more time in the half-sized class condition was spent in skill practice. Student involvement showed significantly more motor-appropriate activity and more cognitive and less organizational activity in classes where there were unlimited amounts of equipment available, irrespective of class size. These data are interpreted as demonstrating that teacher decision making and resultant pupil opportunity to respond are strongly influenced by environmental variables and that such influence can be both systematic and predictable. The reporting of significant environmental features and increased attention to their effects is thus seen as essential for future research in the teaching of physical education.  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF CONTENTS,CONTRIBUTORS, AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS: MAPPING PUBLICATION ROUTES IN THE JOURNAL   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Leona M. English  Mario O. D'Souza  Leon Chartrand 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(1):6-19

A content analysis of the journal Religious Education: An Interfaith Journal of Spirituality, Growth and Transformation was conducted for a 10-year period between 1993–2002 (Volume 88, 1–Volume 97, 4). A total of 325 articles (277 authors) were analyzed into 3 primary research directions (theoretical, qualitative, and quantitative). Author institutional affiliation, religious identity, position, geographic location, and number of contributions were also computed. Implications for the Journal and the field of religious education are discussed.  相似文献   

Book reviews and notices     

Will P. Saunders 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(4):235-237

The Comparative Abilities of White and Negro Children. By Joseph Peterson (Comparative Psychology Monograph, No. 5, George Peabody College for Teachers). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1923. Price, $2.25.

Statistical Method. By Trumak L. Kelly (Stanford University). New York: The Macmillan Co., 1923. Pp. 3d + 390.

Psychology for Students of Education. By Arthur I. Gates (Teachers College). New York: The Macmillan Co., 1923. Pp. xvi + 489.

Elements of Retailing. By Ruth Leigh (Mrs. Sclater). New York: D. Apple‐ton & Co., 1923. Pp. ix + 385.

Social Science for Teachers. By C. E. Martz (Cleveland School of Education) and J. A. Kinneman (State Normal School, West Chester, Pa.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1923. Pp. xii + 340. Price, $1.90.

Economics of the Household. By Benjamin E. Andrews. New York: Macmillan Co., 1923. Pp. 609.

The Boy's Own Book of Great Inventions. By Floyd H. Darrow. New York: Macmillan Co., 1923. Pp. ix + 385. Price, $1.75.

The Boy's Own Book of Science. By Floyd H. Darrow. New York: Macmillan Co., 1923. Pp. ix + 331. Price, $2.50.

Human Geography, by Grades. By James Faiegrieve and Ernest Young. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1923.  相似文献   

Students' Expectations of Teachers Love and Authority     

Leon Whittaker 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2013,86(2):55-56

In this article, the author introduces a series of practical strategies to support the development of an innovative and technology-rich curriculum. The author begins with the importance of understanding what possibilities for innovation exist given the relationship between curriculum, equity issues, and education reform. The author then discusses specific strategies including understanding basic modes of computer use, determining available resources, creating detailed lesson plans, using materials readily available via the Web, and implementing alternative assessments. Accompanying Web-based resources support these strategies. The author concludes with a discussion of how innovative technology curriculum is an area in which education reform's limitations are evident and can be challenged by new ideas and practices.  相似文献   

Relationship of Learning Style to Self-Concept     

Rita Dunn  Gary E. Price  Kenneth Dunn  William Saunders 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2013,86(3)

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