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31.
Mirjam Ebersbach Wim Van Dooren Lieven Verschaffel 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(1):25-46
The present study aimed at investigating children's and adolescents' understanding of constant and accelerated motions. The
main objectives were (1) to investigate whether different task formats would affect the performance and (2) to track developmental
changes in this domain. Five to 16 year olds (N = 157) predicted the distances of a moving vehicle on the basis of its movement durations on both a horizontal and an inclined
plane. The task formats involved: (1) nonverbal action tasks, (2) number-based missing-value word problems, and (3) verbal
judgments. The majority of participants of all age groups based their reactions in the first two task types on the assumption
of a linear relationship between time and distance—which is correct for motions with constant speed but incorrect for accelerated
motions. However, in the verbal judgments that tapped conceptual understanding, children from the age of 8 years onwards correctly
assumed that an object rolling down an inclined plane would accelerate. The role of the task format in evoking erroneous beliefs
and strategies is discussed. 相似文献
32.
Wim Van Dooren Dirk De Bock Dave Weyers Lieven Verschaffel 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2004,56(2-3):179-207
In the international community of mathematics and science educators the intuitive rules theory developed by the Israeli researchers Tirosh and Stavy receives much attention. According to this theory, students' responses to a variety of mathematical and scientific tasks can be explained in terms of their application of some common intuitive rules. Two major intuitive rules are manifested in comparison tasks: ‘More A—more B’ and ‘Same A—same B’. In this paper, we address two important questions for which the existing literature on intuitive rules does not provide a convincing research-based answer: (1) are the reasoning processes of students who respond in line with a given intuitive rule actually affected by that rule or by essentially other misconceptions (leading to the same answer), and (2) are individual students consistent in their choice of one of the intuitive rules when confronted with different, conceptually unrelated tasks? A test consisting of five comparison problems from different mathematical subdomains was administered collectively to 172 Flemish students from Grades 10 to 12. An analysis of students' written calculations and justifications suggested that the students were considerably less affected by the intuitive rules than their multiple-choice answers actually suggested. Instead, essentially different misconceptions and errors were found. With respect to the issue of individual consistency, we found that students who made many errors did not answer systematically in line with one of the two intuitive rules. 相似文献
33.
In recent years there has been a major expansion by higher education institutions in setting up ‘for-profit’, offshore programmes
and campuses. It has been claimed that for-profit provision in a free, or unregulated market, responds to student demand and
acts as a catalyst for innovation, thus fuelling arguments for a global ‘free market’ in higher education. There are few opportunities
to test these claims since higher education is overwhelmingly provided within national systems of education and is generally
subject to strong local regulation. Israel, in the 1990s, offered a rare case of an unregulated market in higher education
for foreign providers, albeit one which contained significant distortions: British institutions took the leading part in developments.
This article examines that experience in the light of documentation in the public domain and of practitioner research and
argues, contrary to unsubstantiated claims, that provision fell below acceptable standards. The article concludes that, in
this field, consumer demand did not operate on the basis of quality and that the market-place cannot assure standards of higher
education in overseas provision. Furthermore, until international standards are agreed, governments have a responsibility
to regulate provision which directly affects the lives of their citizens. 相似文献
34.
Dominique Peeters Tine Degrande Mirjam Ebersbach Lieven Verschaffel Koen Luwel 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2016,31(2):117-134
This study tested whether second graders use benchmark-based strategies when solving a number line estimation (NLE) task. Participants were assigned to one of three conditions based on the availability of benchmarks provided on the number line. In the bounded condition, number lines were only bounded at both sides by 0 and 200, while the midpoint condition included an additional benchmark at the midpoint and children in the quartile condition were provided with a benchmark at every quartile. First, the inclusion of a midpoint resulted in more accurate estimates around the middle of the number line in the midpoint condition compared to the bounded and, surprisingly, also the quartile condition. Furthermore, the two additional benchmarks in the quartile condition did not yield better estimations around the first and third quartile, because children frequently relied on an erroneous representation of these benchmarks, leading to systematic estimation errors. Second, verbal strategy reports revealed that children in the midpoint condition relied more frequently on the benchmark at the midpoint of the number line compared to the bounded condition, confirming the accuracy data. Finally, the frequency of use of benchmark-based strategies correlated positively with mathematics achievement and tended to correlate positively also with estimation accuracy. In sum, this study is one of the first to provide systematic evidence for children’s use of benchmark-based estimation strategies in NLE with natural numbers and its relationship with children’s NLE performance. 相似文献
35.
Ceneida Fernández Salvador Llinares Wim Van Dooren Dirk De Bock Lieven Verschaffel 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2012,27(3):421-438
This study investigates the development of proportional and additive methods along primary and secondary school. In particular, it simultaneously investigates the use of additive methods in proportional word problems and the use of proportional methods in additive word problems. We have also studied the role played by integer and non-integer relationships between the given numbers and the nature of quantities (discrete or continuous) in the development of these phenomena. A test consisting of additive and proportional missing-value word problems was solved by 755 primary and secondary school students (from fourth to tenth grade). The findings indicate that the use of additive methods in proportional situations increased during primary school and decreased during secondary school, whereas the use of proportional methods in additive situations increased along primary and secondary school. Moreover, the presence or absence of integer ratios strongly affects this behavior, but the nature of quantities only has a small influence on the use of proportional methods. 相似文献
36.
Thirty-six secondary school students aged 14–16 were interviewed while they chose between a table, a graph or a formula to solve three linear function problems. The justifications for their choices were classified as (1) task-related if they explicitly mentioned the to-be-solved problem, (2) subject-related if students mentioned their own characteristics as representational users, (3) context-related if contextual features surrounding the choice were mentioned and (4) representation-related if formal characteristics of the representations were pointed out. Justifications were mostly task- and subject-related, although contextual and representational features also played an important role. Some students (reportedly) tried to reconcile different (task-, subject-, context- and representation-related) factors before selecting a representation, which was interpreted as an attempt to use their meta-representational competence to make appropriate representational choices. The influence of the didactical contract and the experimental contract on students’ representational choices, as well as the tensions between them, are also discussed. 相似文献
37.
Gina Bojorque Joke Torbeyns Minna Hannula-Sormunen Daniël Van Nijlen Lieven Verschaffel 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2017,32(3):449-462
This study explored the development of Ecuadorian Kindergartners’ spontaneous focusing on numerosity (SFON) during the kindergarten year, as well as the contribution of early numerical abilities to this development. One hundred Kindergartners coming from ten classrooms received two SFON tasks, one at the beginning and one at the end of the school year, and an early numerical abilities achievement test at the beginning of the school year. Results first demonstrated limited SFON development during the kindergarten year, with inter-individual differences and intra-individual stability of children’s SFON tendency. Second, both children’s SFON tendency and their early numerical abilities at the start of the kindergarten year were predictively related to their SFON tendency at the end of the year. Our results do not only add to our theoretical understanding of SFON in young children, but also inform educational policy and practices in the domain of early mathematics education in Ecuador, as they provide building blocks for optimizing the educational goals and curricula for kindergarten mathematics. 相似文献
38.
Realistic considerations in solving problematic word problems: Do Japanese and Belgian children have the same difficulties? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this study was to compare Japanese and Belgian elementary school pupils' (lack of) activation of real-world knowledge during understanding and solving arithmetic word problems in a school context. The word problem test used in a study by Verschaffel, De Corte, and Lasure (1994) was collectively administered to 91 Japanese fifth graders. Besides standard problems which can be modeled in a straightforward way by one or two basic arithmetic operations with the given numbers, this test contained a series of problematic items which cannot be modeled and solved in such a way, at least if one seriously takes into account the realities of the context evoked by the problem statement. The results of the study revealed that Japanese pupils, similarly to Belgian children, have a strong tendency to neglect commonsense knowledge and realistic considerations during their solution of word problems. Moreover, a comparison of Japanese pupils with and without extra hints aimed at improving the disposition towards more realistic mathematical problem solving revealed that these extra hints had only a small effect. 相似文献
39.
“Accepting Emotional Complexity”: A Socio-Constructivist Perspective on the Role of Emotions in the Mathematics Classroom 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Peter Op ’t Eynde Erik De Corte Lieven Verschaffel 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2006,63(2):193-207
A socio-constructivist account of learning and emotions stresses the situatedness of every learning activity and points to the close interactions between cognitive, conative and affective factors in students’ learning and problem solving. Emotions are perceived as being constituted by the dynamic interplay of cognitive, physiological, and motivational processes in a specific context. Understanding the role of emotions in the mathematics classroom then implies understanding the nature of these situated processes and the way they relate to students’ problem-solving behaviour. We will present data from a multiple-case study of 16 students out of 4 different junior high classes that aimed to investigate students’ emotional processes when solving a mathematical problem in their classrooms. After identifying the different emotions and analyzing their relations to motivational and cognitive processes, the relation with students’ mathematics-related beliefs will be examined. We will specifically use Frank’s case to illustrate how the use of a thoughtful combination of a variety of different research instruments enabled us to gather insightful data on the role of emotions in mathematical problem solving. 相似文献
40.