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51.
Three experiments investigated whether production of low-frequency spellings could be influenced by other words containing
those spellings. Participants saw visually-presented primes (Experiment 1) or heard primes presented auditorily and produced
their spelling (Experiments 2 and 3). Primes either shared both orthography and phonology (e.g., chapl
ai
n) or only orthography (e.g., ord
ai
n) with the target word (e.g., porcel
ai
n). Following the primes, participants attempted to produce the correct spellings of auditorily-presented target words containing
low-frequency spellings, such as the ai in porcelain. Participants correctly spelled the targets’ low-frequency spelling more often when preceded by either type of prime, relative
to unprimed targets. Furthermore, priming only occurred when the prime’s spelling was produced correctly; primes spelled incorrectly
reduced the correct production of target spellings. These results suggest that unlike the priming of nonwords, the basis of
lexical priming of real words is orthographic, resulting from the priming of specific graphemes that increases the probability
of reactivating the same spelling pattern in the target.
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Lise AbramsEmail: |
52.
Anne‐Lise Hostmark Tarrou 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1988,11(2):149-156
The author outlines the place of vocational education within the upper‐secondary structure in Norway and also identifies the general principles underpinning this structure.
Recent changes have had major implications for teacher education, and these are described. The author highlights in particular the introduction of Computer technology, the emphasis on the teacher as researcher and the integration of handicapped pupils into ordinary classes as three key challenges, and the author proposes a number of strategies for both the content and the structure of teacher education. 相似文献
53.
As the number of globally mobile students has expanded, governments are assumed to be consistently and intentionally competing for talent, in what has been called a “great brain race”. While the notion of competition has become dominant, there is little evidence on long-term policy dynamics in this field, not only across jurisdictions but also over time. We seek to address this gap in this paper through a longitudinal analysis of the politics and public policies impacting international students in four major recruiting countries—Australia, Canada, England and the USA. Through this comparative analysis of the period 2000 to 2016, we demonstrate that international student numbers across the jurisdictions have grown steadily but that this appears to be decoupled from political and policy changes. We also discuss how “internationalization” initiatives provide an insufficient policy umbrella for policy action on the recruitment and retention of international students. Public policy impacting international students spans multiple government agencies or ministries, encompassing different policy fields. This requires greater policy coordination, which remains elusive for the most part. 相似文献