Examining dominant discourses of sexuality in sexuality education research     

Louisa Allen 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2013,23(1-2):163-180

This article is concerned with some of the theoretical and methodological complexities of collecting young people's preferences for sexuality education content and using them to inform educational practice. Data are drawn from focus groups and questionnaires undertaken by 16–19‐year‐olds. Participants' suggestions often reflect dominant discourses of sexuality circulating in wider society, providing insight into social norms and cultural contexts in which they live. Suggestions do not reflect dominant discourses in any simple way, but involve a complex interplay of these and subordinate meanings of sexuality. When working within a methodological framework that values and centres young people's perspectives, these proposals can be problematic. As dominant discourses of sexuality often reinforce social inequalities, programme implementation of young people's suggestions may perpetuate these. How to reconcile a commitment to a methodological paradigm that prioritises young people's perspectives with the creation of sexuality education which promotes social justice is discussed.  相似文献   

Pressures,rewards and teacher retention: a comparative study of primary teaching in England and Finland     

Rosemary Webb  Graham Vulliamy  Seppo Hämäläinen  Anneli Sarja  Eija Kimonen  Raimo Nevalainen 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(2):169-188

The article presents some findings from the York‐Jyväskylä Teacher Professionalism project. The project was a follow‐up study to earlier case‐study research in six schools in Finland and six schools in England on the impact of educational reforms on teachers' work. Data were collected by re‐interviewing a sample of teachers from the original schools six years later. The views of English and Finnish teachers concerning the ways in which changes in practice, pay and working conditions affected their perception of teaching as a profession are contrasted. The crucial factors discouraging teachers from remaining in teaching were work intensification, low pay, deteriorating pupil behaviour and a decline in public respect. Positive influences on teacher retention were commitment to children, professional freedom and supportive colleagues. Suggestions are offered as to how policy makers should act to preserve the commitment of primary teachers and to promote their retention.  相似文献   

The high‐school science library     

Hanor A. Webb 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(2):85-119

Student behavioral and emotional difficulties, often comorbid with each other and with learning difficulties and academic underachievement, have become an increasing concern to educational settings. This article first provides a conceptual framework for child assessment and highlights the role of behavior rating scales and personality inventories. This article reviews the role of behavior rating scales and personality inventories as a tool for screening students whose behavioral and emotional difficulties may affect their learning, their interpersonal relationships at school, and students who may pose significant management problems for teachers. The utility of specific uni- and multidimensional scales is reviewed relative to major behavioral and emotional difficulties shown by school students. Issues with using these tools are discussed. The Student Behavior Survey (SBS), a teacher-report scale, is described to illustrate the relative contributions of these scales.  相似文献   

Teachers' approaches to finding and using research evidence: an information literacy perspective     

Dorothy Williams  Louisa Coles 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(2):185-206

Background The use of research evidence produced by others is seen as central to the reflective practice of school teachers. There have been many recent UK initiatives aimed at improving access to research evidence, but there are still concerns about the lack of engagement by teachers. Previous research has looked at this issue from different perspectives, including the content and relevance of educational research, the relationships between researchers and teachers, accessibility and presentation of research and the culture of the school. The research presented here seeks to make a contribution to understanding the diffusion of research in the teaching profession by examining the issues from an information literacy perspective.

Purpose This paper examines the use of research information by UK school teachers, placing an emphasis on their information literacy—i.e. teachers' strategies and confidence in their abilities to find, evaluate and use research information, which is defined as the published output of a planned piece of research.

Sample Survey data were collected from 312 teachers and 78 head teachers from nursery, primary and secondary schools in Scotland, England and Wales. The sample included a wide range of teaching experience, ages, subject responsibilities, school locations and sizes, although there was a bias towards teachers who were motivated to use research evidence. Interviews were conducted with 28 teachers from primary, secondary, nursery and special education schools, and a further 15 teachers took part in group exercises. Interview and group exercise samples were more varied in their levels of research involvement.

Design and methods A mixed methodology was used. The questionnaire survey sought background data on more general attitudes towards research, as well as data on information access and confidence in finding and using general and research information. This was supplemented by qualitative evidence on information strategies and experiences from scenario or vignette interviews. Group exercises in which teachers discussed their responses to specific examples of research information were useful in focusing on strategies for evaluating information.

Results While survey respondents were, on balance, positively motivated towards the use of research evidence, their actual use of information from research was limited. They considered the most prominent barriers to their use of research information were associated with lack of time and lack of ready access to sources. This is likely to be a limiting factor in terms of the development of teacher confidence in finding, evaluating and using the kinds of information sources which are increasingly available to support their professional development. In fact survey evidence from the more research-motivated sample indicated that teachers were considerably less confident in finding and using research information than general information. Their confidence was slightly higher in finding research information (e.g. 67.1% and 60.9% were either confident or very confident in defining information needs and locating information respectively) compared to using research information (for example, 56.5% were either confident or very confident in organizing and synthesizing information). However, evidence from the more mixed interview and group exercise samples also revealed a range of concerns about lack of skills and knowledge needed to search and evaluate information effectively.

Conclusions The findings suggest that information literacy may be a factor in limiting the use of research information, exacerbating the perceived challenges of lack of time and lack of ready access to information sources. From an information perspective, teachers' use of research evidence is likely to be enhanced by greater development of information literacy; more attention to local information dissemination strategies; and the development of an information culture and ethos within schools.  相似文献   

Being a ‘professional’ primary school teacher at the beginning of the 21st century: a comparative analysis of primary teacher professionalism in New Zealand and England     

Terry Locke  Graham Vulliamy  Rosemary Webb  Mary Hill 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(5):555-581

This article analyses findings from two studies conducted collaboratively across two educational settings, New Zealand and England, in 2001–2002. These studies examined the impact of national educational policy reforms on the nature of primary teachers’ work and sense of their own professionalism and compared these impacts across the two countries. Adopting a policy ethnography approach, using in‐depth interview data from samples of teachers in each country, it is argued that there have been discursive shifts in the meaning of the three key terms, autonomy, altruism and knowledge, embodied in the classical professionalism triangle. These shifts reflect policy‐makers’ moves from a ‘professional‐contextualist’ conception of teacher professionalism towards the ‘technocratic‐reductionist’ conception that accompanies neo‐liberal educational reforms in many countries. Teachers in both countries experienced increasing constraints on their autonomy as they became far more subject to ‘extrinsic’ accountability demands. Whether these demands were perceived as enhancing or diminishing teacher professionalism depended on the manner in which they were filtered through the profession’s defining quality, namely teachers’ altruistic concerns for the welfare of the children in their care.  相似文献   

Reducing School Exclusions: An evaluation of a multi-site development project     

Graham Vulliamy  Rosemary Webb 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(1):33-49

The article reports the findings of an evaluation of a 1996-1999 British Home Office funded project which placed social work trained home-school support workers in comprehensive schools with the aim of reducing school exclusions. Set in the context of a review of the research evidence for the reasons for rapidly rising school exclusions in England during the 1990s, quantitative and qualitative data are analysed in relation to the impact of the project on rates of fixed-term and permanent exclusions. Exclusions were considerably reduced by a variety of strategies adopted by the support workers and over the three-year project duration permanent exclusions were cut by 25%. It is argued that teacher social workers are helpful in alleviating the conflict between the New Labour government's Standards agenda and its Inclusion agenda.  相似文献   

A comment on Walker and Walker's “A caution on the use of the WAIS”     

Allen P. Webb 《Psychology in the schools》1973,10(3):360-360

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Perspectives in state school support programs : Edited by K. Forbis Jordan and Nelda H. Cambron-McCabe. Cambridge,MA: Ballinger, 1981. pp. 372. No price listed (cloth)     

L.Dean Webb 《Economics of Education Review》1984,3(2):164-165

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IV. TESTING FOR DOSAGE-OUTCOME ASSOCIATIONS IN EARLY CARE AND EDUCATION     

Yange Xue  Elizabeth B. Miller  Anamarie Auger  Yi Pan  Margaret Burchinal  Hsiao-Chuan Tien  Ellen Peisner-Feinberg  Martha Zaslow  Louisa Tarullo 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2016,81(2):64-74

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EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL SERVICE IN SCHOOL OF CHURCH AND Y. P. SOCIETY     

Rev. George T. Webb D.D. 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(3):357-364

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