Cytochrome P450 Genes (CYP2E1 and CYP1A1) Variants and Susceptibility to Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection     

Sadegh Fattahi  Mohammad Karimi Alivije  Farhang Babamahmoodi  Masomeh Bayani  Mahmoud Sadeghi Haddad Zavareh  Mohsen Asouri  Maryam Lotfi  Galia Amirbozorgi  Haleh Akhavan-Niaki 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(4):467-472

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health concern which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Both viral and host factors have a significant effect on infection, replication and pathogenesis of HBV. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 genetic variants on susceptibility to HBV. 143 individuals including 54 chronic HBV patients and 89 healthy controls were enrolled in the genotyping procedure. rs2031920 and rs3813867 at CYP2E1 as well as rs4646421 and rs2198843 at CYP1A1 loci were studied in all subjects using PCR–RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis. Both variants at CYP2E1 locus were monomorphic in all studied subjects. Genotype frequency of rs4646421 was significantly different between chronic HBV patients and healthy blood donors (P = 0.04, OR 4.31; 95% CI 1.04–17.7). Furthermore, individuals carrying at least one C allele (CC or CT genotypes) for rs4646421 seemed to have a decrease risk of hepatitis in comparison with TT genotype (P = 0.039). Our results showed a relationship between rs4646421 TT genotype (rare genotype) and the risk for developing chronic HBV infection (four times higher). Further studies are needed to examine the role of CYP1A1 polymorphism in susceptibility to chronic HBV infection.  相似文献   

Expert Systems used in the identification of misconceptions and assessment in school science: a review and proposed development     

Wan Salihin Wong Abdullah  Phil Wild 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1994,25(1):29-40

From research carried out over the last 20 years, there is now a wealth of data on the identification of students' misconceptions in various topics within science education. Much of the data in the form of questions and students' answers, and analysis of the data is well documented. Within this same period there have been major developments in the programming and use of microcomputer based expert system shells which can use formalised expert knowledge to mimic the processes normally carried out by a human expert. It seems that the two areas of research could, in the fuure, be brought together to provide support for teachers in using the research findings to support the individualised and targeted teaching of students in the classroom. A recent literature search, however, has shown the dearth of activity in this field. This paper reviews the situation at the present time and suggests how the two activities could be united.  相似文献   

A global questionnaire survey of the scholarly communication attitudes and behaviours of early career researchers     

David Nicholas  Hamid R. Jamali  Eti Herman  Anthony Watkinson  Abdullah Abrizah  Blanca Rodríguez‐Bravo  Cherifa Boukacem‐Zeghmouri  Jie Xu  Marzena wigo&#x;  Tatiana Polezhaeva 《Learned Publishing》2020,33(3):198-211

This article describes an international study informed by a 3‐year‐long qualitative longitudinal project, which sought to discover the scholarly communication attitudes and behaviour of early career researchers (ECRs). Using a combination of small‐scale interviews and a larger‐scale survey, ECRs were questioned on their searching and reading behaviour, publishing practices, open data, and their use of social media. Questionnaire invitations were sent out via publisher lists, social media networks, university research networks, and specialist ECR membership organizations. One‐thousand and six‐hundred responses were received, with many coming from China, Russia, and Poland. Results showed that ECRs are adopting millennial‐facing tools/platforms, with Google, Google Scholar, social media, and smartphones becoming embedded in their scholarly activities. Open data sharing obtains widespread support but somewhat less practice. There are some differences in attitudes and behaviour according to age and subject specialism.  相似文献   

Adjuvant effects of saponins on animal immune responses   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rajput ZI  Hu SH  Xiao CW  Arijo AG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(3):153-161

Vaccines require optimal adjuvants including immunopotentiator and delivery systems to offer long term protection from infectious diseases in animals and man. Initially it was believed that adjuvants are responsible for promoting strong and sustainable antibody responses. Now it has been shown that adjuvants influence the isotype and avidity of antibody and also affect the properties of cell-mediated immunity. Mostly oil emulsions, lipopolysaccharides, polymers, saponins, liposomes, cytokines, ISCOMs (immunostimulating complexes), Freund’s complete adjuvant, Freund’s incomplete adjuvant, alums, bacterial toxins etc., are common adjuvants under investigation. Saponin based adjuvants have the ability to stimulate the cell mediated immune system as well as to enhance antibody production and have the advantage that only a low dose is needed for adjuvant activity. In the present study the importance of adjuvants, their role and the effect of saponin in immune system is reviewed.  相似文献   

Improvement of the efficacy of influenza vaccination （H5N1） in chicken by using extract of Cochinchina momordica seed （ECMS）   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rajput ZI  Xiao CW  Hu SH  Arijo AG  Soomro NM 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(5):331-337

Seeds of a Chinese traditional medicine plant, Cochinchina momordica were used in the present study for the improvement of influenza vaccine （HSN 1） in chicken. Crude extraction from Cochinchina momordica seed （ECMS） was obtained by ethanol extraction method. In experiment No. 1, two weeks old chickens were immunized with influenza vaccine （HSN1） alone or combined with ECMS （5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/dose）. Serum IgG antibody levels （by ELISA） as well as effects on dally weight gain were measured on 0, 7, 14 and 28th day after immunization. Results revealed that all ECMS groups numerically increased the antibody levels while 10 and 20 μg/dose groups significantly （P〈0.05） enhanced total IgG antibody on day 28, when compared with control. Average daily weight gain was also significantly higher in 20 μg/dose ECMS group. Adjuvant effect was also confirmed in experiment No. 2 when chickens were immunized with 20 μg/dose ECMS and antibody titer was measured through hemagglutination inhibition （HI）. It is concluded that ECMS has potential to improve the immune responses and deserve further study as an adjuvant.  相似文献   

Effects of Jigsaw III technique on achievement in written expression     

Abdullah??ahinEmail author 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2011,12(3):427-435

The objective of this paper is to compare the Jigsaw III technique (of cooperative learning) with the instructional teacher-centered teaching method in six graders in terms of the effect of written expression on their academic success. The universe of the study consists of 71 sixth-grade students studying during 2009–2010 academic term in a primary school in the province of Erzurum. Two classes were randomly selected: one (n = 35) of which was the control group where teacher-centered teaching method was applied, the other being experimental group (n = 36) where the Jigsaw III technique was applied. In the study, one of the most common application, pretest/posttest with control group experimental design, was chosen. The data regarding the academic success of the groups were collected by means of the achievement test in Turkish course as pretest, posttest and retention test; the students’ opinions about the group works were obtained through feedback form, group work opinionnaire, and data were analyzed through 11.5 SPSS program. The results of the statistical analysis of teaching a written expression course showed that the experimental group did significantly better than the control group in terms of academic success. In addition, it can be said that the students had positive impressions on the Jigsaw III technique.  相似文献   

Language and Superdiversity,by Arnaut,K., Blommaert,J., Rampton,B. & Spotti,M. (Eds.).     

Abdullah Sleman Darwish 《Journal of Language, Identity & Education》2017,16(6):427-429

  相似文献   

Critical Analysis of Primary Literature in a Master’s-Level Class: Effects on Self-Efficacy and Science-Process Skills     

Christopher Abdullah  Julian Parris  Richard Lie  Amy Guzdar  Ella Tour 《CBE life sciences education》2015,14(3)

The ability to think analytically and creatively is crucial for success in the modern workforce, particularly for graduate students, who often aim to become physicians or researchers. Analysis of the primary literature provides an excellent opportunity to practice these skills. We describe a course that includes a structured analysis of four research papers from diverse fields of biology and group exercises in proposing experiments that would follow up on these papers. To facilitate a critical approach to primary literature, we included a paper with questionable data interpretation and two papers investigating the same biological question yet reaching opposite conclusions. We report a significant increase in students’ self-efficacy in analyzing data from research papers, evaluating authors’ conclusions, and designing experiments. Using our science-process skills test, we observe a statistically significant increase in students’ ability to propose an experiment that matches the goal of investigation. We also detect gains in interpretation of controls and quantitative analysis of data. No statistically significant changes were observed in questions that tested the skills of interpretation, inference, and evaluation.  相似文献   

The effectiveness of the GeoGebra Programme in the development of academic achievement and survival of the learning impact of the mathematics among secondary stage students     

Alabdulaziz  Mansour Saleh  Aldossary  Sarah Mubarak  Alyahya  Sahar Abdulaziz  Althubiti  Hind Muhareb 《Education and Information Technologies》2021,26(3):2685-2713

Education and Information Technologies - The objective of this research is to identify the effectiveness of the GeoGebra program in developing academic achievement and ensuring survival of the...  相似文献   

Tracking policies for a class of dynamic production-inventory systems     

Magdi S. Mahmoud  Umar M. Al-Turki 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2010,347(9):1689-1703

In this paper, new results are established for generating tracking policies in aggregated production-inventory systems. A dynamic model is developed to characterize the evolution of targeted production, inventory and demand over time and incorporates the inventory, production and demand tracking errors as additional variables. The control variables are managerial decision variables on rate of production and advertisement. The developed model takes the form of linear system with time-varying delay. Tracking policies are then formulated and determined to ensure that the production-inventory tracking model achieves a desirable performance in terms of H_∞-measure. Numerical simulation is performed to illustrate the theoretical developments.  相似文献