Biochemical Evaluation of Patients of Alcoholic Liver Disease and Non-alcoholic Liver Disease     

Prasad P. Torkadi  I. C. Apte  A. K. Bhute 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(1):79-83

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is due to excessive alcohol intake for long duration. Distinguishing ALD from non-ALD (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis of viral origin) is difficult as patient may deny alcohol abuse. Clinical examination, histology and serology may not differentiate these conditions. Accurate diagnosis is important as management of ALD differs from non-ALD patients. The aim of our study was (1) To evaluate the patients of ALD and non-ALD by biochemical parameters compared to controls, (2) To assess whether these parameters can differentiate ALD from non-ALD. Study was carried out on 50 patients of ALD in group I and 35 patients of NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) and acute viral hepatitis each in group II. Age matched healthy controls n = 50. Selection criteria—history of alcohol intake (amount and duration), clinical examination, sonography of abdomen, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and bilirubin levels. Blood samples were analyzed for bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) by kinetic method. Statistical analysis was done by Student unpaired ‘t’ test. Patients of ALD have raised AST/ALT ratio (De Ritis ratio) (>2), ALP and GGT compared to controls (P < 0.01).There is significant difference in AST/ALT ratio, serum GGT and ALP in ALD group compared to that in NASH and acute viral hepatitis (P < 0.05). This study suggests that De Ritis ratio >2 in ALD patients may be due to alcohol induced hepatic mitochondrial injury and pyridoxine deficiency. High GGT and ALP values may indicate enzyme induction by alcohol and mild cholestasis. Thus ALD patients have severe hepatic damage. De Ritis ratio <1 and normal to mild elevation in GGT level in NASH and acute viral hepatitis suggest mild hepatic injury of non-alcoholic origin. Our study concludes that ALD patients can be differentiated from NASH and acute viral hepatitis with certainty by measuring serum AST/ALT ratio, GGT and ALP. These biochemical parameters may help clinicians to support the diagnosis of ALD and non-ALD.  相似文献   

Chapter VII. Atypical Patterns of Early Attachment: Discussion and Future Directions     

Douglas Barnett  Christine M. Butler  & Joan I. Vondra 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》1999,64(3):172-192

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Structural aspects of controllability and observability—I. tensorial aggregation     

O.I. Franksen  P. Falster  F.J. Evans 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1979,308(2):79-104

The classical criteria for controllability and observability are given a tensorial formulation which is then extended into Boolean form directly related to a digraph interpretation of system structure. This is examined in detail with particular reference to group theoretic aspects, invariant properties under transformation, the term rank test and the existence of zero eigenvalues.Within this framework the structural design concepts of potential controllability and observability are presented in generalised terms.  相似文献   

A Review of Marx,Capital, and Education by Curry Stephenson Malott and Derek Ford Peter Lang, 2015     

David I. Backer 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2016,48(11):1186-1189

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Three pupils at Lennox Castle     

W I Fraser  B McKellar 《Special education》1969,58(3):18-21

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Polynomial Root Clustering     

T.A. Bickart  E.I. Jury 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1979,308(5):487-496

A sequence of tests on derived polynomials to be strictly Hurwitz polynomials is shown to be equivalent to a given (typically real) polynomial having all its zeros in an open sector, symmetric with respect to the real axis, in the left half-plane. The number of tests needed is at most 1 + ?(ln k)/(ln 3)?, where k is the integer associated with the central angle π/k of the sector. An extension of this result on the sector as a region of root clustering is given which shows that only a limited number of tests are needed to verify that the roots are clustered in a region composed as the intersection of a set of primative (sector-like) regions. The results reported evolve from application of a collection of mappings on the complex plane defined by a particular collection of Schwarz-Christoffel transformations.  相似文献   

Self-evaluation, social reinforcement, and academic achievement of black and white schoolchildren.     

I Katz  O J Cole  R M Baron 《Child development》1976,47(2):368-374

Black and white male schoolchildren covertly evaluated their own performance at a verbal task administered by black and white male experimenters. It was hypothesized that academically successful children would be predisposed to appraise themselves favorably, whereas relatively unsuccessful pupils would be biased toward self-criticism. The covert self-evaluations were assumed to represent at internalization of early experiences of predominantly positive or negative social reinforcement from adult socializing agents. The predicition for self-criticism was upheld in the white experimenter condition but not in the black experimenter condition. Relationships consistent with the theory were found between subjects' self-appraisals and their retrospective reports of positive and negative reinforcements received from parents and teachers in various typical situations. These relationships were more evident for black subjects than for white subjects. The extent to which children's self-praise and self-criticism mediated affect was assessed by means of a color conditioning technique. Contrary to predicition, possibly due to the easy nature of the experimental task.  相似文献   

New worlds: discoveries from our solar system : Werner von Braun and Frederick I. Orday. 284 pages,diagrams, illustrations, 6x9 in., Anchor Press/Doubleday. New York, 1979. Price, $24.95.     

I.M. Levitt 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1980,309(3):191-192

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Linking and Aligning Scores and Scales by Dorans,N.J., Pommerich,M., & Holland,P.W.     

Isaac I. Bejar 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2010,47(2):255-260

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Book reviews     

Franz Hilker  Alan C. Purves  Edmund King  Fernand Hotyat  Gordon Bishop  Birger Bromsjö  A. Harry Passow  Willard C. Olson  Gilbert de Landsheere  Douglas M. McIntosh  John I. Goodlad 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1967,13(3):356-376

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