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521.
Professional European football clubs have been hypothesized to maximize sporting or financial objectives. The authors analyze the impact of various ownership structures on the realized management efficiency in maximizing profitability and national sporting success. Therefore, they apply the time-varying stochastic frontier model by Battese & Coelli (1995) to an unbalanced panel from England and France between 2006 and 2012. French professional football is characterized by a shift towards private investors. Results show that clubs majority-owned by private investors are less efficient than other clubs in French Ligue 1. In English professional football, the majority of takeovers is pursued by foreign investors. Although previous researchers have shown that foreign investors increase financial resources and team investments, the authors demonstrate that foreign investors reduce both financial and sporting efficiency. The analysis of survival and financial team efficiencies of club ownership structures indicates that clubs tend to compete by investments rather than efficiency. 相似文献
522.
Alban Fouasson-Chailloux Pierre Menu Jérémie Allorent Marc Dauty 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(2):279-285
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is characterized by pain occurring during physical activity. As clinical examination is not sufficient to diagnose it, intracompartmental pressure (ICP) measure is used for CECS confirmation. Numerous clinical signs are reported but their diagnosis predictive ability has never been studied. We aimed to determine if the 12 classically reported clinical signs are predictive of CECS. We performed a single-centre retrospective cohort study on patients referred for CECS suspicion. Patients were asked to run on a treadmill. When pain occurred, post-exercise ICP was performed. We diagnosed CECS if the ICP was ≥30?mmHg and used a logistic regression to calculate the predictive value of clinical signs. One hundred twenty-five patients were evaluated. Ninety-six had CECS and 29 did not, according to the ICP 30?mmHg cut-off. Anterior and lateral compartments were the most frequently affected. After exercise, mean ICP was 58.6?mmHg?±?20.5 in the group with CECS versus 20.9?mmHg?±?4 in the group without (p?.001). Muscle hardness, muscle hernia after exercise, absence of pain at rest and pain recidivism for the same exercise were predictive of CECS. The predictive model associated muscle hardness (Odds Ratio (OR)?=?2.18; p?.001) and muscle hernia after exercise (OR?=?1.44; p?.001). This model identified 88.6% of CECS subjects. The ROC curve area was 0.808 [95% CI: 0.71–0.90]. This study confirmed the importance of clinical parameters to diagnose CECS. A better knowledge of the relevant parameters could help physicians to indicate invasive examinations. 相似文献
523.
Marc J. Rosenberg 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1995,8(1):94-99
How close is the relationship between performance technology, performance support, and training? Very close, actually. Both performance technology and electronic performance support (EPS) have their roots in education and training, but in many ways they have transcended their be ginnings and have evolved beyond where training leaves off. This commentary offers a performance technologist's view of EPS and suggests not only that a performance technology perspective is a requirement for the development of EPS, but that involvement in building and implementing an EPS can help people shift their paradigm from training to performance. Implications for the education and training field now and in the future are also proposed. 相似文献
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