Scholarship as intervention: critique,collaboration and the research imagination     

Marcia McKenzie 《Environmental Education Research》2009,15(2):217-226

Following Scott (this issue), this paper examines how environmental education researchers might intervene to greater effect in the policies and practices of our governments and local and international organizations through individual and collective programmes of research. Suggesting that public scholarship or academic activism can engage a wide spectrum of genres and outcomes of research activity, the paper proposes that what stands out are not the methods employed in seeking to have research ‘be of use’, but instead what can be termed modes of engagement. These can be described as including interpretive critique or ‘speaking truth to power’, public space and collaboration, and the role of research imagination in social life. These three modes are discussed with the hope that researchers will consider their possibilities and implications in working towards more powerful public scholarship in environmental education.  相似文献   

Computer Self-Efficacy and Motivation to Learn in a Self-Directed Online Course     

Marcia J. Simmering  Clay Posey  Gabriele Piccoli 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2009,7(1):99-121

Despite the increased use of new learning technologies, there is still much to be learned about the role of learner characteristics in online learning. The purpose of this study was to examine how subjects' characteristics normally associated with effective training (i.e., initial motivation to learn and self-efficacy) related to learning in a self-directed online course. From an analysis of 190 respondents, computer and Internet usage prior to the start of class were positively related to individuals' computer self-efficacy and computer self-efficacy was positively related to learning. However, contrary to expectations, computer self-efficacy was not related to initial motivation to learn and motivation to learn was not related to learning in the class. Post hoc analysis of qualitative data enabled a rich explanation of the findings, including an evaluation of the unexpected relationships among the variables of interest and the nature of self-directed courses in virtual learning environments.  相似文献   

Developmentally Effective Experiences for Promoting Self-Authorship     

Patricia M. King  Marcia B. Baxter Magolda  James P. Barber  Marie Kendall Brown  Nathan K. Lindsay 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2009,3(2):108-118

ABSTRACT—Many national studies have identified types of experiences that are associated with enhancing college students' learning. This study contributes to the small but growing body of research on transformative educational experiences that assist and enable college students to develop ways of understanding and being in the world that help them adapt and respond to life's complexities and prepare for future civic, occupational, and family roles. The focus of this exploratory study is on those experiences that had a positive impact on college students' development toward self-authorship ( Baxter Magolda, 2001 ; Kegan, 1994 ). Using interview data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, we analyzed 300 selected experiences from 174 students. We found that students' approaches to interpreting and understanding their experiences was the major student characteristic that affected their learning (the effect of the experience). We then mapped these findings onto a sequenced developmental curriculum designed to promote self-authorship.  相似文献   

Children's Initial Responses and Beyond: Effects of Niceness and Similarity on Preference,Giving, and Memory     

Arber Tasimi  Marcia K. Johnson 《Child development》2019,90(2):432-440

This study assessed children's preference, giving, and memory to investigate the impact of social information over time. We compared 5- and 6-year-olds’ (N = 144) immediate or delayed responses to an individual who does or does not share their toy preference (similar vs. dissimilar) or an individual who treats others kindly or poorly (nice vs. mean). Immediately, children all preferred the similar or nice characters but gave more stickers to the similar character. This strong initial effect of similarity was not evident after 1 week; children's preference, giving, and memory reflected a greater long-term impact of niceness than similarity. These findings highlight the importance of using multiple features and measures to elucidate children's evolving views about others.  相似文献   

MY MOTHER,YOUR MOTHER: EMBRACING “SLOW MEDICINE”: THE COMPASSIONATE APPROACH TO CARING FOR YOUR AGING LOVED ONES By Dennis McCullough     

Reviewed by Marcia H. Hickey Vice President 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(3):277-278

Dysphagia, or disordered swallowing, is explained relative to normal swallowing. Social, psychological, medical, and economic consequences of dysphasia are discussed with note of the particular prevalence of the disorder among the elderly. A multidisciplinary team approach to treatment is presented with roles of the various professionals defined. Case studies demonstrating the benefits of treatment are presented.  相似文献   

Collaborative Learning in an Information Literacy Course: The Impact of Online Versus Face-to-face Instruction on Social Metacognitive Awareness     

Marcia E. Rapchak 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2018,44(3):383-390

Metacognition and social metacognition play important roles in information literacy, online learning, and collaborative learning. This study examines how students rated themselves in both metacognitive and social metacognitive awareness after a collaborative project in an information literacy course offered face-to-face and online. Students in the face-to-face version of the course rated themselves as having higher social metacognitive awareness, though metacognitive awareness scores were similar. Because of this finding, this article makes recommendations for improving collaboration online for information literacy instruction.  相似文献   

Measuring Knowledge Integration Learning of Energy Topics: A two-year longitudinal study     

Ou Lydia Liu  Kihyun Ryoo  Marcia C. Linn  Elissa Sato  Vanessa Svihla 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(7):1044-1066

Although researchers call for inquiry learning in science, science assessments rarely capture the impact of inquiry instruction. This paper reports on the development and validation of assessments designed to measure middle-school students’ progress in gaining integrated understanding of energy while studying an inquiry-oriented curriculum. The assessment development was guided by the knowledge integration framework. Over 2 years of implementation, more than 4,000 students from 4 schools participated in the study, including a cross-sectional and a longitudinal cohort. Results from item response modeling analyses revealed that: (a) the assessments demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity; (b) both the cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts made progress on integrating their understanding energy concepts; and (c) among many factors (e.g. gender, grade, school, and home language) associated with students’ science performance, unit implementation was the strongest predictor.  相似文献   

Birthday effects and preschool attendance     

Francis L. Huang  Marcia A. Invernizzi 《Early childhood research quarterly》2013

Young-for-grade students have been shown to receive lower grades and have a higher likelihood of retention compared to their oldest peers upon kindergarten entry. Our study of 1474 economically disadvantaged first-time kindergarteners investigates if preschool attendance may ameliorate some of the risks potentially associated with being young-for-grade. Using the state-mandated age cutoff date, we establish four groups of students based on age (oldest/youngest in the cohort) and preschool experience (attended preschool/did not attend preschool) and use multilevel linear and logistic regression models in analyzing early literacy scores as well as the likelihood of being retained. Our findings show that while preschool attendance is associated with higher emergent literacy performance, young students still experience higher retention risks compared to their older peers, regardless of preschool attendance and controlling for end-of-year literacy scores.  相似文献   

Admissions portfolio for a graduate program: Matching practice and paradigm     

Andrew P. Johnson  Marcia Gentry 《Roeper Review》2013,35(2):83-84

Every year since 1964, approximately 120 high-school seniors have been selected for presidential recognition, from across the United States. As the first cohort of Presidential Scholars enters their 60s, we wanted to hear what they think about the roles that academic, professional, and personal achievement have played in their lives and to reconsider sex differences found in earlier studies. Our findings are reported here both as summary data of the responses of 145 Scholars from the 1964–1968 cohort and as selected excerpts, in their own words. Participants in this study share their wisdom about giftedness and talent as it develops across the life span and offer advice to parents, educators, and highly capable young people. They emphasize the importance of hard work, perseverance, and personal relationships and suggest that success is more about self-acceptance and personal fulfillment than it is about formal recognition and prizes.  相似文献   

Learning difficulties associated with the particulate theory of matter in the Scottish Integrated Science course     

Marcia C. Linn 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(4):429-440

Summaries

English

Educators need to know when an adolescent will use a particular available problem‐solving mechanism or strategy. If a student can solve proportional reasoning problems in mathematics and physics classes but fails to comprehend the ‘odds’ in a local lottery, the teacher would like to know why. Three task context factors that form obstacles to generalizing logical reasoning strategies are illustrated by research studies. The obstacles are perceived relevance of the variables, perceived goal of the experiment and variable salience. The relationship between these factors and Piagetian theory is explored. Piaget's view that generalization is difficult to predict is a pessimistic one for educators. In contrast to this view, our findings suggest that it is possible to make some predictions abouthow and when logical mechanisms will be generalized to new situations. Implications for designing educational programmes which enhance generalizability of instruction in logical reasoning are described.  相似文献