Muscle activity and pedal force profile of triathletes during cycling to exhaustion     

Diefenthaeler F  Coyle EF  Bini RR  Carpes FP  Vaz MA 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2012,11(1):10-19

The purpose of this study was to analyze pedaling cadence, pedal forces, and muscle activation of triathletes during cycling to exhaustion. Fourteen triathletes were assessed at the power output level relative to their maximal oxygen uptake (355 +/- 23 W). Cadence, pedal forces, and muscle activation were analyzed during start, middle, and end test stages. Normal and tangential forces increased from the start to the end of the test (-288 +/- 33 to -352 +/- 42 N and -79 +/- 45 to -124 +/- 68 N, respectively) accompanied by a decrease in cadence (96 +/- 5 to 86 +/- 6 rpm). Muscle activation increased from the start to the middle and the end in the gluteus maximus (27 +/- 5.5% and 76 +/- 9.3%) and in the vastus lateralis (13 +/- 3.5% and 27 +/- 4.4%), similar increase was observed from the start to the end in the rectus femoris and the vastus medialis (50 +/- 9.3% and 20 +/- 5.7%, respectively). Greater normal force along with enhanced activation of knee and hip extensor muscles is linked with fatigue and declines in cadence of triathletes during cycling to exhaustion.  相似文献   

How education background affects design outcome: teaching product development to mechanical engineers,industrial designers and managers     

Arlindo Silva  Marco Leite  João Vilas-Boas  Ricardo Simões 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2019,44(4):545-569

ABSTRACT

Product design and development (PDD) is a current topic of academic and industrial research. Emphasis on innovation and entrepreneurship, as well as design thinking and creativity has been recently pulled together into the teaching and research on PDD. This paper looks into a multidisciplinary setting made up of three similar but independent PDD masters courses taught at three higher education institutions, having the same assessment, syllabus, assignments and outcomes. As expected, students’ projects foci are different. The outcomes of this experience were confronted with an ex-post literature review, which generated thorough guidelines that supported an innovative proposal for PDD education, to be implemented into an interdisciplinary Summer School. Significant generalisable contributions for educating modern engineers, designers and business entrepreneurs are expected, instead of just teaching methods of engineering, design and entrepreneurship at the case universities. The limitation of the used inductive reasoning concerns ‘truth’ being suggested but not assured.  相似文献   

CLAIRE: A combinatorial visual analytics system for information retrieval evaluation     

Marco Angelini  Vanessa Fazzini  Nicola Ferro  Giuseppe Santucci  Gianmaria Silvello 《Information processing & management》2018,54(6):1077-1100

Information Retrieval (IR) develops complex systems, constituted of several components, which aim at returning and optimally ranking the most relevant documents in response to user queries. In this context, experimental evaluation plays a central role, since it allows for measuring IR systems effectiveness, increasing the understanding of their functioning, and better directing the efforts for improving them. Current evaluation methodologies are limited by two major factors: (i) IR systems are evaluated as “black boxes”, since it is not possible to decompose the contributions of the different components, e.g., stop lists, stemmers, and IR models; (ii) given that it is not possible to predict the effectiveness of an IR system, both academia and industry need to explore huge numbers of systems, originated by large combinatorial compositions of their components, to understand how they perform and how these components interact together.We propose a Combinatorial visuaL Analytics system for Information Retrieval Evaluation (CLAIRE) which allows for exploring and making sense of the performances of a large amount of IR systems, in order to quickly and intuitively grasp which system configurations are preferred, what are the contributions of the different components and how these components interact together.The CLAIRE system is then validated against use cases based on several test collections using a wide set of systems, generated by a combinatorial composition of several off-the-shelf components, representing the most common denominator almost always present in English IR systems. In particular, we validate the findings enabled by CLAIRE with respect to consolidated deep statistical analyses and we show that the CLAIRE system allows the generation of new insights, which were not detectable with traditional approaches.  相似文献   

Science in sailing: Interdisciplinary perspectives in optimizing sailing performance     

Gisela Sjøgaard  Eduard Inglés  Marco Narici 《European Journal of Sport Science》2015,15(3):191-194

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Reading under the skin: physiological activation during reading in children with dyslexia and typical readers     

Valentina Tobia  Paola Bonifacci  Cristina Ottaviani  Thomas Borsato  Gian Marco Marzocchi 《Annals of dyslexia》2016,66(2):171-186

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A unified representation of web logs for mining applications     

Michelangelo Diligenti  Marco Gori  Marco Maggini 《Information Retrieval》2011,14(3):215-236

The collective feedback of the users of an Information Retrieval (IR) system has been shown to provide semantic information that, while hard to extract using standard IR techniques, can be useful in Web mining tasks. In the last few years, several approaches have been proposed to process the logs stored by Internet Service Providers (ISP), Intranet proxies or Web search engines. However, the solutions proposed in the literature only partially represent the information available in the Web logs. In this paper, we propose to use a richer data structure, which is able to preserve most of the information available in the Web logs. This data structure consists of three groups of entities: users, documents and queries, which are connected in a network of relations. Query refinements correspond to separate transitions between the corresponding query nodes in the graph, while users are linked to the queries they have issued and to the documents they have selected. The classical query/document transitions, which connect a query to the documents selected by the users’ in the returned result page, are also considered. The resulting data structure is a complete representation of the collective search activity performed by the users of a search engine or of an Intranet. The experimental results show that this more powerful representation can be successfully used in several Web mining tasks like discovering semantically relevant query suggestions and Web page categorization by topic.  相似文献   

Assistant principals in high-stakes accountability environments: The effects of job attributes and school characteristics     

Marco A. Mu?oz  Houston M. Barber 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2011,23(2):131-142

This study addressed the topic of job specifications and school characteristics since there is a shortage of quality AP applicants in high-stakes accountability environments. It is important to learn about allocation of duties from educational administrators with on-the-job experience as well as to learn why current APs would consider applying for other AP positions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of job attributes (instruction, discipline), school level (elementary, middle, high), and school achievement (in-need-of-assistance, progressing, meets goal) on applicant’s rating of an AP position. This research study used an experimental design. A main effect for job attributes indicated that instruction was significantly higher than discipline when attracting assistant principals. Implications for practice and research are discussed.  相似文献   

An Early College Initiative in an Urban,High-Poverty High School: First-Year Effects on Student Achievement and Non-Academic Indicators     

Marco A. Muñoz  John C. Fischetti  Joseph R. Prather 《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2014,19(1):36-52

The Early College High School (ECHS) initiative developed in response to calls to significantly decrease the number of first-generation college and underserved students of color and from poverty who are high school dropouts or marginally graduates (i.e., ill prepared for college). The ECHS model is different from other educational reforms in that secondary and postsecondary faculty work collaboratively to align curriculum and supports that facilitate a successful high school-to-college transition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the initial implementation of ECHS on student achievement and nonacademic indicators in a high-poverty setting. Results indicated that, after an initial year of implementation, achievement results on criterion-referenced tests were significantly higher for all students relative to matched control students, but the statistically and practically significant impact on norm-referenced tests was limited to students enrolled in ECHS courses; school attendance remained the same, but suspensions were decreased. Implications for high school reform and research are discussed.  相似文献   

Possibilities and Limits of Integrating Science and Diversity Education in Preservice Elementary Teacher Preparation     

Marco A. Bravo  Eduardo Mosqueda  Jorge L. Solís  Trish Stoddart 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2014,25(5):601-619

In this paper we present findings from a project that documented the development of preservice teachers’ beliefs and practices in delivering science instruction that considers issues of language and culture. Teacher candidates in the intervention group (n = 65) received a science methods course and teaching practicum experience that provided guidance in teaching science in culturally and linguistically responsive ways. Comparisons between a control group of preservice teachers (n = 45) and those involved in the intervention yielded stronger beliefs about the efficacy in promoting collaboration in science teaching than the intervention group. Observations of these preservice teachers during their teaching practicum revealed differences in favor of the intervention group in: (a) implementing science instruction that addressed the language and literacy involved in science; (b) using questions that elicited higher order thinking and; (c) providing scaffolds (e.g., purposeful feedback, probing student background knowledge) when confronting abstract scientific concepts. Implications for preservice teacher education are addressed.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Marco Todeschini 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1996,19(1):5-6

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