Compulsory citizenship for the disenfranchised: benchmarking students,schools, and social and political attitudes before the Citizenship Order     

Zoë Slote Morris  Peter John  David Halpern 《Curriculum Journal》2013,24(2):181-199

This article reviews the current state of the debate about the political orientation and social attitudes of young people. After cautioning against a pessimistic view of moral decline, the article reports the results from a survey of 1249 young people in Hertfordshire. While showing evidence of low levels of political knowledge, interest, trust and efficacy, the findings do not confirm a lack of engagement with the wider social world. They show that young people contribute to social capital, by volunteering, for example, and that young people have broadly developed moral awareness. We explore students' engagement in citizenship-type activities both within and outside school; the extent to which they have covered the citizenship National Curriculum in school; and the degree to which they are active participants in their school. Our findings are generally positive, identifying reasonably high levels of engagement and integration. In short, there is a base from which to develop curricular reforms to promote political education.  相似文献   

Strangers and Professionals: Positioning Discourse in ESL Teachers’ Work     

Mari Haneda  Jan Nespor 《The Urban Review》2013,45(3):251-272

English Language Learners (ELLs) usually spend most of the school day with regular classroom teachers. The ability of English-as-a-second-language (ESL) teachers to help these students, then, depends in part on their ability to influence how the classroom teachers think of ELL students and ESL itself. One way ESL teachers do this is through “positioning discourses”—discursive practices that connect the children in certain ways to neighborhood reputations, political imagery, policy priorities, and professional responsibilities. This paper examines how ESL teachers in two contrasting school systems produce different kinds of positioning discourses in responding to different contextual constraints and pressures. Drawing on interview data, we show how teachers in an urban setting use elements of neighborhood reputation to position their students, while teachers in a more affluent suburb use discourses of expertise and professional knowledge to reshape the way ESL is understood. Our goals are to explicate how these discourses are produced and used.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Lou Smith  Owen Van Den Berg  Zoë-Jane Playdon 《Educational Action Research》2013,21(2):383-392

The following books are reviewed.

Teaching Public Issues in the High School D. W. OLIVER & J. P. SHAVER (1966) Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Professional Experience and the Investigative Imagination: the ART of reflective writing RICHARD WINTER, ALYSON BUCK & PAULA SOBIECHOWSKA (1999) London: Routledge. 240 pp. ISBN 0 415 19542 X (hb) £50.00, ISBN 0 415 19543 8 (pb) £ 16.99  相似文献   

Excellence for All: A Nietzschean-inspired approach in professional higher education     

Henriëtta Joosten 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(13-14):1516-1528

Europe’s objectives of economic growth and job creation require large numbers of professionals who are willing and able to innovate and rise above themselves. In this article, a concept of excellence is developed that can be broadly applied in professional higher education. This concept of excellence derives from three concepts which the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche developed in The Gay Science (2001/1887): self-transcendence, self-control and self-styling. By starting with Nietzsche’s radical thoughts, the author aims to grasp the probabilities and challenges of preparing all students for their professional future. Several proposals for educational practice are outlined based on this perspective of ‘excellence for all’.  相似文献   

Measuring Mastery Across Grades: An Application to Spelling Ability     

Daniël Van Nijlen  Rianne Janssen 《教育实用测度》2013,26(4):367-387

The distinction between quantitative and qualitative differences in mastery is essential when monitoring student progress and is crucial for instructional interventions to deal with learning difficulties. Mixture item response theory (IRT) models can provide a convenient way to make the distinction between quantitative and qualitative differences in mastery. The use of latent groups, rather than focusing on manifest groupings like gender or grade, in these models is very informative to give a substantive interpretation to the qualitative differences. In the current study, mixture IRT modeling is applied to the mastery of two crucial rules in vowel duration spelling in Dutch by pupils in the four final grades of primary school. Results indicate that differences in mastery of the spelling rules are not strictly quantitative. Three latent groups of pupils can be distinguished that show qualitative differences in the mastery of one of the crucial spelling rules involved.  相似文献   

The interactive attribution of school success in multi-ethnic schools     

Mariëtte de Haan  Inge Wissink 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2013,28(2):297-313

The study shows how explanations for school success are expressed and dialogically constructed during teacher–parent conferences at school. Attribution theory is used to conceptualize the various explanations for school success that were expressed. However, instead of only looking at attributions as beliefs which individuals or groups ‘have’, the aim of this study is to show how attributions are part of co-constructed processes in which multiple partners impact upon each other’s attributions over the course of a conversation. The results indicated that in the conversations between teachers and minority parents, school performance is more often attributed to effort while in conversations with majority parents, psychological attributions were more common. Besides these differences in content, the process through which these accounts were constructed was different. While the diagnosis on what went wrong was more commonly constructed in case of the conversations with majority parents, they were more characterised by opposition or a passive position by the parent in case of the conversations with minority parents. The analyses show that instead of a simple mismatch between explanations of the home and the school, these explanations are interactionally co-constructed as both parents and teachers necessarily ‘re’-act on each other’s claims and understanding of school success. The results ultimately reveal how the interactive process impacted upon the construction of the attributions and the possibilities this creates for partnerships between parents and teachers to create an understanding of the child’s academic potential across home and school.  相似文献   

Key words and the analysis of exploratory talk     

Linda Herrlitz-Biró  Ed Elbers  Mariëtte de Haan 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2013,28(4):1397-1415

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Reflection tasks in pedagogical training courses     

Mari Karm 《International Journal for Academic Development》2013,18(3):203-214

The ability to reflect is a precondition for professional growth. Pedagogical courses for academic staff provide opportunities to support the development of university teachers' reflective skills and habits of reflection. The present paper discusses the impact of using reflective activities for making meaning of one's teaching practice through an analysis of reflections written during pedagogical courses. The data were collected from 92 participants who participated in a pedagogical course offered to five cohorts from 2005 to 2007. Through analysis of academics' reflections on metaphors and teaching cases their personal teaching theories and teaching challenges are revealed.

Õppejõu professionaalse arengu eelduseks on tema reflekteerimisoskus. Pedagoogilistel kursustel pakutakse õppejõududel mitmesuguseid võimalusi refleksioonioskuste arendamiseks ja reflekteerimisharjumuste kujunemiseks. Artiklis arutletakse pedagoogiliste kursuste käigus kirjutatud refleksiooniülesannete analüüsi põhjal, kuidas erinevate refleksiooniharjutuste kasutamine võimaldab õppejõududel teadvustada oma õpetamisarusaamasid ning mõtestada oma õpetamispraktikat. Andmeid koguti 92 õppejõult, kes osalesid pedagoogilistel kursustel aastatel 2005–2007. Õppejõudude metafooride, professionaalse arengu joone ja õpetamislugude analüüsi põhjal toodi välja nende olulisemad õpetamisarusaamad ning keerulised õpetamissituatsioonid. Samuti tuuakse esile, mida õppejõudude koolitajad võiksid samalaadseid ülesandeid rakendades arvesse võtta.  相似文献   

Motor coordination difficulties in 5–6‐year‐old children with severe behavioural and emotional problems     

Synnøve Iversen  Ann‐Mari Knivsberg  Bjørn Ellertsen  Magne Nødland  Tommy Både Larsen 《Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties》2013,18(3):169-185

Incidence, severity and types of motor difficulties in children with severe behavioural and emotional problems were evaluated. A group of 6‐year‐olds (n = 29) with such problems and controls (n = 29) were compared on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M‐ABC). The groups were compared on total scores as well as manual dexterity, ball skills and balance. Individual M‐ABC profiles were compared with Teacher's Report Form profiles. It was found that 62.1% in the high‐risk group and 20.7% in the control group showed motor coordination difficulties. In the high‐risk group 55.2% fulfilled the criteria of the DSM‐IV for developmental coordination disorder, compared to 3.4% controls. The high‐risk group showed significant difficulties within all sub‐areas of the M‐ABC. There was a significant relationship between attention problems and manual dexterity difficulties. The combination of problems identified makes these children vulnerable with regard to school inclusion and in need of proper assessment and intervention.  相似文献   

Dynamics of mirror writing compared to conventional writing in typical preliterate children     

Marine Portex  Carolane Hélin  Corinne Ponce  Jean-Noël Foulin 《Reading and writing》2018,31(6):1435-1448

In left-to-right writing cultures, spontaneous mirror writing of letters and digits in preliterate children appears more frequently on left-than right-facing characters. A compelling theory drawn on neuropsychological evidence of mirror generalization suggests that children resort to a right-orienting/writing rule when learning to write. The aim of the present study was to conceptually replicate and specify recent findings (Fischer, 2017a) on the predominant contribution of writing directionality to mirror writing in preliterate children. A training study was designed to compare on-line production of conventional versus mirror writing of 4-to-5 year-old French children (n?=?30). Over a 4-week period, children were taught to write from memory words and digits. During a subsequent writing-from-memory task, a spatial constraint (Cornell, 1985) was imposed to elicit paired conventional and mirror writing of the words/digits. Spatial and kinematic data were recorded through the use of a digital pen. The results indicate a main contribution of writing directionality to letter and digit reversals. Furthermore, kinematic equivalence between conventional and mirror writing supports the neurological mirror generalization process in children. Overall, these results constitute a further illustration that the manifestation of mirror writing in typically developing children is culture-bound.  相似文献