全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1349篇 |
免费 | 34篇 |
专业分类
教育 | 874篇 |
科学研究 | 49篇 |
各国文化 | 35篇 |
体育 | 237篇 |
文化理论 | 14篇 |
信息传播 | 174篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 48篇 |
2019年 | 63篇 |
2018年 | 113篇 |
2017年 | 112篇 |
2016年 | 100篇 |
2015年 | 59篇 |
2014年 | 54篇 |
2013年 | 343篇 |
2012年 | 59篇 |
2011年 | 50篇 |
2010年 | 33篇 |
2009年 | 41篇 |
2008年 | 36篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 30篇 |
2005年 | 22篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 2篇 |
1947年 | 1篇 |
1935年 | 1篇 |
1926年 | 1篇 |
1925年 | 1篇 |
1921年 | 1篇 |
1915年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1383条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
Mark Evans Ella Patchett Rickard Nally Rachel Kearns Matthew Larney 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(3):376-386
Acute ingestion of ketone salts induces nutritional ketosis by elevating β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), but few studies have examined the metabolic effects of ingestion prior to exercise. Nineteen trained cyclists (12 male, 7 female) undertook graded exercise (8 min each at ~30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% VO2peak) on a cycle ergometer on two occasions separated by either 7 or 14 days. Trials included ingestion of boluses of either (i) plain water (3.8?mL?kg?body mass?1) (CON) or (ii) βHB salts (0.38?g?kg?body mass?1) in plain water (3.8?mL?kg body mass?1) (KET), at both 60 min and 15 min prior to exercise. During KET, plasma [βHB] increased to 0.33?±?0.16?mM prior to exercise and 0.44?±?0.15?mM at the end of exercise (both p?.05). Plasma glucose was 0.44?±?0.27?mM lower (p?.01) 30?min after ingestion of KET and remained ~0.2?mM lower throughout exercise compared to CON (p?.001). Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was higher during KET compared to CON (p?.001) and 0.03–0.04 higher from 30%VO2peak to 60%VO2peak (all p?.05). No differences in plasma lactate, rate of perceived exertion, or gross or delta efficiency were observed between trials. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in 13 out of 19 participants during KET. Acute ingestion of βHB salts induces nutritional ketosis and alters the metabolic response to exercise in trained cyclists. Elevated RER during KET may be indicative of increased ketone body oxidation during exercise, but at the plasma βHB concentrations achieved, ingestion of βHB salts does not affect lactate appearance, perceived exertion, or muscular efficiency. 相似文献
992.
Shaun J. McLaren Andrew Smith Jonathan D. Bartlett Iain R. Spears Matthew Weston 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(21):2438-2446
We aimed to compare differentiated training loads (TL) between fitness responders and non-responders to an eight-week pre-season training period in a squad of thirty-five professional rugby union players. Differential TL were calculated by multiplying player’s perceptions of breathlessness (sRPE-B) and leg muscle exertion (sRPE-L) with training duration for each completed session. Performance-based fitness measures included the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRTL1), 10-, 20-, and 30-m linear sprint times, countermovement jump height (CMJ) and predicted one-repetition maximum back squat (P1RM Squat). The proportion of responders (≥ 75% chance that the observed change in fitness was > typical error and smallest worthwhile change) were 37%, 50%, 52%, 82% and 70% for YYIRTL1, 20/30-m, 10-m, CMJ and P1RM Squat, respectively. Weekly sRPE-B-TL was very likely higher in YYIRTL1 responders (mean difference = 18%; ±90% confidence limits 11%), likely lower in 20/30-m (19%; ±20%) and 10-m (18%; ±17%) responders, and likely higher in CMJ responders (15%; ±16%). All other comparisons were unclear. Weekly sRPE-B discriminate between rugby union players who respond to pre-season training when compared with players who do not. Our findings support the collection of differential ratings of perceived exertion and the use of individual response analysis in team-sport athletes. 相似文献
993.
The aim of the present study was to examine knowledge and perceptions of applied sport psychology within English soccer. National coaches (n = 8), youth academy directors (n = 21) and academy coaches (n = 27) were surveyed using questionnaire and interview methods. Questionnaire results revealed a lack of knowledge of sport psychology that appeared to underpin some of the most significant barriers to entry for sport psychologists. These included lack of clarity concerning the services of a sport psychologist, problems fitting in and players' negative perceptions of sport psychology. Overall, however, lack of finance was the highest rated barrier. Six barrier dimensions emerged from the interview data: negative perceptions of psychology, lack of sport psychology knowledge, integrating with players and coaching staff, role and service clarity, practical constraints, and perceived value of sport psychology. These findings were broadly compatible with the survey data, with finance emerging as a major barrier and misconceptions of sport psychology being common. Our conclusions are discussed in relation to the practical implications of the study for both applied research and the provision of sport psychology services within English soccer. 相似文献
994.
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively combine and examine the results of studies examining the effectiveness of periodized (PER) compared to nonperiodized (Non-PER) training programs for strength and/or power development. Two analyses were conducted to (a) examine the magnitude of treatment effect elicited by PER strength training programs compared to Non-PER programs and (b) compare these effects after controlling for training volume, frequency, and intensity. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were coded based on characteristics that might moderate the overall effects (i.e., participant characteristics and characteristics related to the training program). Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated for each study, and an overall ES of 0.84 (+/- 1.41) favoring PER training was found. Further analyses identified the treatment effect specific to training variation to be ES = 0.25. Significant moderating variables included age, training status, and length of training program. As a result of this statistical review of the literature, it is concluded that PER training is more effective than Non-PER training for men and women, individuals of varying training backgrounds, and for all age groups. In line with the overload principle, additions to volume, intensity, and frequency result in additional training adaptations. 相似文献
995.
Lane AM Terry PC Stevens MJ Barney S Dinsdale SL 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(10):886-97; discussion 897
Competition at elite level can require athletes to perform optimally in extreme environmental conditions. This review focuses on mood responses in such conditions and proposes practical guidelines for those working with athletes. Different environments are considered, including altitude and extreme heat and cold. Performing in extreme heat, cold or at altitude can produce a stress response characterized by increased negative mood and relatively poor performance. Positive adaptations to extreme conditions can be accelerated, but the rate of adaptation appears to be highly individualized. Monitoring mood responses to training under normal conditions provides a basis for identifying the psychological effects of extreme conditions. It is suggested that practitioners carefully monitor the interplay between vigour, fatigue and depressed mood. Reductions in vigour and increases in fatigue are normal responses to hard training, but other aspects of mood disturbance, especially symptoms of depressed mood--however small--may be indicative of a maladaptive response, and practitioners should consider intervening when such symptoms first appear. 相似文献
996.
Matthew H. Bruce 《科学教学研究杂志》1966,4(1):59-62
The following article calls attention to the plaguing problem of training junior high school science teachers. 相似文献
997.
The effect of an intermittent,high-intensity warm-up on supramaximal kayak ergometer performance 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
It has previously been shown that the metabolic acidaemia induced by a continuous warm-up at the 'lactate threshold' is associated with a reduced accumulated oxygen deficit and decreased supramaximal performance. The aim of this study was to determine if an intermittent, high-intensity warm-up could increase oxygen uptake (VO2) without reducing the accumulated oxygen deficit, and thus improve supramaximal performance. Seven male 500 m kayak paddlers, who had represented their state, volunteered for this study. Each performed a graded exercise test to determine VO2max and threshold parameters. On subsequent days and in a random, counterbalanced order, the participants then performed a continuous or intermittent, high-intensity warm-up followed by a 2 min, all-out kayak ergometer test. The continuous warm-up consisted of 15 min of exercise at approximately 65% VO2max. The intermittent, high-intensity warm-up was similar, except that the last 5 min was replaced with five 10 s sprints at 200% VO2max, separated by 50 s of recovery at approximately 55% VO2max. Significantly greater (P < 0.05) peak power (intermittent vs continuous: 629 +/- 199 vs 601 +/- 204 W) and average power (intermittent vs continuous: 328 +/- 39.0 vs 321 +/- 42.4 W) were recorded after the intermittent warm-up. There was no significant difference between conditions for peak VO2, total VO2 or the accumulated oxygen deficit. The results of this study indicate that 2 min all-out kayak ergometer performance is significantly better after an intermittent rather than a continuous warm-up. 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
Matthew R. Draper Judy Jennings Augustine Baron Ozgur Erdur Lavanya Shankar 《Journal of College Counseling》2002,5(1):26-38
This study examined the dose‐effect relationship between the number of sessions and therapeutic outcome in a large, nationwide counseling center research consortium. A positive relationship was found between the outcome of counseling and the number of sessions attended. The results of this study support the effectiveness of brief psychotherapy. 相似文献