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71.
Sven Ismer Manuela Beyer Carolina Solms-Baruth Christian von Scheve 《Soccer & Society》2017,18(4):554-574
Understanding the social consequences of major soccer events is important for social science researchers and policy-makers alike. On the one hand, socially integrative effects are ascribed to these events. On the other hand, they are suspected of increasing the devaluation of minorities and disadvantaged groups. Sociological theories in a Durkheimian tradition suggest that the emotional entrainment that goes along with football-related rituals might play a role. We thus investigated the effects of the World Cup 2010 on the derogation of minorities and disadvantaged groups in Germany and hypothesized that the emotional entrainment is a predictor of changes in derogation. Results of our naturalistic study show significant increases in derogative attitudes after the World Cup. Contrary to our expectations, emotional entrainment is not associated with this increase. We discuss possible alternative explanations, in particular the influence of public discourse. 相似文献
72.
M. von Pirani 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1910,170(4):289-290
73.
Hans C. von Lieres und Wilkau Gareth Irwin Neil E. Bezodis Scott Simpson Ian N. Bezodis 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(2):141-156
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate spatiotemporal and kinematic changes between the initial acceleration, transition and maximum velocity phases of a sprint. Sagittal plane kinematics from five experienced sprinters performing 50-m maximal sprints were collected using six HD-video cameras. Following manual digitising, spatiotemporal and kinematic variables at touchdown and toe-off were calculated. The start and end of the transition phase were identified using the step-to-step changes in centre of mass height and segment angles. Mean step-to-step changes of spatiotemporal and kinematic variables during each phase were calculated. Firstly, the study showed that if sufficient trials are available, step-to-step changes in shank and trunk angles might provide an appropriate measure to detect sprint phases in applied settings. However, given that changes in centre of mass height represent a more holistic measure, this was used to sub-divide the sprints into separate phases. Secondly, during the initial acceleration phase large step-to-step changes in touchdown kinematics were observed compared to the transition phase. At toe-off, step-to-step kinematic changes were consistent across the initial acceleration and transition phases before plateauing during the maximal velocity phase. These results provide coaches and practitioners with valuable insights into key differences between phases in maximal sprinting. 相似文献
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Manfred von Ardenne 《High Ability Studies》1991,1(2):127-135
World class pioneering achievements are a nation's most valuable asset. They arise from the efforts of talents‐people of extraordinary ability. The vital task of fostering the emergence of such talents requires a concentrated effort covering the entire lifespan. Significant factors are parents, contemporaries and teachers as well as media, the societal atmosphere and contact with great social and scientific issues. These must act together to produce talents with not only the ability but also the dedication to achieve.
79.
In information retrieval research, models and systems traditionally assume that a single person is querying and reviewing the results. However, several empirical studies of professional practice identified collaboration during IR as everyday work patterns in order to solve a shared information need and to benefit from the diverse expertise and experience of the team members. Moreover, most IR systems that are employed in professional work routines are designed for individual use and prototype collaborative systems are too limited to support use in todays work practice. To bridge this gap, this papers develops and formalizes a decision theoretic approach towards supporting a team of people that explicitly set out together to resolve a shared information need. We develop a formal cost model for collaborative IR that considers the trade-off between estimated relevance of a document as well as estimated document redundancy. From this cost model, we use a decision theoretic approach to derive the notion of activity suggestions, that is, a formal optimum criterion that describes optimum collaboration strategies in IR as the solution of an integer linear program. Those collaboration strategies are suggested to team members with the aim to facilitate the collaborative performance of information retrieval tasks. We demonstrate the application of our model by means of search result division in two collaborative search tasks. In the conducted experiments, we study the effects of different domain knowledge and resulting relevance assessments of team members in four different conditions. The gathered results indicate that our approach can improve the retrieval effectiveness of teams in recall-oriented tasks. 相似文献
80.
This paper is based on research into the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) in South Africa. The research investigated whether, through being active members of this social movement, HIV‐positive activists learn things they could not otherwise learn about their status and the epidemic, and how they put such knowledge to use. We show how activists develop a critical understanding of the underlying causes of their ill health and its link to economic poverty and global politics. The paper concludes by suggesting that adult educators can assume direct responsibility for poverty reduction by working in and with social movements. 相似文献