A Multi-Method Multi-Analytic Approach to Establishing Internal Construct Validity Evidence: The Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale 2     

John K. Gotwals  John G. H. Dunn 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(2):71-92

The purpose of the study was to examine the norm-referenced and criterion-referenced reliability and validity of the Back-Saver Sit-and-Reach Test (BSR; Single-Leg Sit-and-Reach; Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research [CIAR], 1999). One hundred seventy-nine elementary school children (87 boys and 92 girls), 6-12 years old participated, with 44 randomly selected participants retested on a second day. The BSR, Modified Schober (MSCH, Low Back Criterion Test), Passive Straight Leg Raise (PSLR, Hamstring Criterion Test), Active Knee Extension, True Lumbar Extension, True Lumbar Flexion, and Double-Leg Sit-And-Reach were administered in random order. Intraclass correlation coefficients (norm-referenced reliability) for the BSR were extremely high (.98-.99) for both boys and girls. Pa and Km (criterion-referenced test-retest reliability) for the right leg was .90 and .80, respectively, for boys; and .91 and .82 for girls, indicating the participants were classified consistently across days. Norm-referenced validity coefficients (Pearson product-moment correlations, r) of the BSR as a measure of hamstring flexibility were moderate for boys (.67 and .68, right and left legs, respectively) and moderately low for girls (.47 and .44, right and left legs). Correlation coefficients of the BSR as a measure of low back flexibility were extremely poor for boys and girls, with coefficients ranging from .003 to .06. Criterion-referenced validity of BSR for hamstring flexibility was low and unacceptable for right and left legs (Km: .48, .58, respectively), for both boys and girls (Km: .40, .22). The BSR appears to be similar to the Double-Leg Sit-and-Reach in that it is a test of hamstring flexibility but not low back. The criterion-referenced standards for both BSR and PSLR should be re-examined and adjusted to provide a better degree of classification agreement between the BSR and the criterion measure (PSLR).  相似文献   

Gymnastics     

Yoshiaki Takei  J. Hubert Dunn  Erik Blucker 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):141-162

The 16 highest‐scored Roche vaults (G1) performed during the 2000 Olympic Games were compared with those receiving the 16 lowest‐scores (G2). A 16‐mm motion picture camera operating at 100 Hz recorded the vaults during the competition. The results of t tests (p < .05) indicated G1, compared to G2, had (a) shorter time of board support, greater normalised average upward vertical force and backward horizontal force exerted by the board, greater change in the vertical velocity while on the board, and greater vertical velocity at board take‐off, (b) comparable linear and angular motions in pre‐flight, (c) smaller backward horizontal impulse exerted by the horse, smaller loss of the horizontal velocity while on the horse, and greater horizontal and vertical velocities at horse take‐off, (d) greater height and larger horizontal distance of post‐flight, (e) higher body mass centre at knee release, and (f) higher mass centre, greater normalised moment of inertia, and smaller vertical velocity at mat touchdown. Therefore, gymnasts and coaches should focus on sprinting the approach; blocking and pushing‐off the take‐off board rapidly and vigorously; departing the board with a large vertical velocity; exerting large downward vertical force and small forward horizontal force from the handstand position while on the horse; departing the horse with large horizontal and vertical velocities; and completing the majority of the double salto forward near the peak of trajectory and releasing the knees above the top of the horse to prepare for a controlled landing.  相似文献   

TELEVISION AND THE EDUCATION OF THE YOUNG     

Gwen Dunn 《Learning, Media and Technology》1980,6(2):47-52

This paper, from the 1979 Conference, ‘Television In Society’ begins by defining the educational process as one of persisting, despite initial failures, to acquire understanding or mastery, and underlining the uniqueness of each individual learner. The author reports on the results of a one‐year study of the viewing habits of pre‐school children. Little ‘rising fives’ are such heavy viewers that they must feel a sense of loss when school attendance deprives them of ‘their’ television, perhaps the most valuable ‘child‐minder’ of all. Television delights these veteran under‐five viewers and provides an aid that parents and teachers can welcome; it also seems to stimulate little or no ‘participation’ and to inhibit language skills. Older children are also voracious viewers, but the author's experience suggests that television does not of itself inhibit reading and that to blame violent behaviour on viewing of violence is humbug. In conclusion it is suggested that educators are as yet failing to recognize the paramount importance of television in children's lives: there is an urgent need for education to acknowledge this in its curricula and for children (and adults) to find out more about how television is created. The Educational Television Association could play an important role here.  相似文献   

"I got some swords and you're dead!": violent fantasy, antisocial behavior, friendship, and moral sensibility in young children     

Dunn J  Hughes C 《Child development》2001,72(2):491-505

Relations between an early interest in violent fantasy and children's social understanding, antisocial and emotional behavior, and interactions with friends were investigated in 40 "hard-to-manage" preschoolers and 40 control children matched for gender, age, and school and ethnic background. Children were filmed alone in a room with a friend, and tested on a battery of cognitive tests, including false-belief, executive function, and emotion understanding tasks. Teachers reported on their friendship quality. At age 6 years, the children's understanding of the emotional consequences of antisocial and prosocial actions was studied. The hard-to-manage group showed higher rates of violent fantasy; across both groups combined, violent fantasy was related to poor executive control and language ability, frequent antisocial behavior, displays of anger and refusal to help a friend, poor communication and coordination of play, more conflict with a friend, and less empathic moral sensibility 2 years later. The usefulness of a focus on the content of children's pretend play-in particular, violent fantasy-as a window on children's preoccupations is considered.  相似文献   

Balancing Economic and other Discourses in the Internationalization of Higher Education in South Africa     

Mel Dunn  Pam Nilan 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2007,53(3):265-281

Since the end of the apartheid era in South Africa, “internationalization” of higher education has been a popular theme as the country takes its place as a regional leader in education and research in sub-Saharan Africa. However, competing discourses of internationalization have produced economic and moral dilemmas rather than the realization of philanthropic academic aims. The process of internationalizing higher education in South Africa has been greatly compromised by under-funding and over-crowding of post-secondary education institutions in the country.  相似文献   

Trust in media and government: A recursive model for natives of Hong Kong and Mainland China     

John S. Seiter  Deborah Dunn 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(2):203-209

This study explored whether a female student's level of attractiveness affects the degree to which she is believed when making a claim of sexual harassment, and whether attractiveness is related to perceptions of how likely it is that she will be sexually harassed. Participants viewed one of three photographs of a female model who was made to appear a) unattractive, b) attractive and pristine, or c) attractive but not pristine. Afterwards they read a case file in which the photographed model claimed to have been sexually harassed by one of her professors. Finally, participants rated the photographed model's veracity and their perceptions regarding how likely it was that the model would be sexually harassed. Results indicated that when she was perceived as unattractive, the model was rated as more deceptive and less likely to be harassed than when she was perceived as attractive, regardless of whether she was perceived to be pristine or not. These results and their implications are discussed.  相似文献   

The Aims of Science Laboratory Courses: a Survey of Students,Graduates and Practising Scientists     

D. J. Boud  J. Dunn  T. Kennedy  R. Thorley 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(4):415-428

Summaries

English

This paper describes the results of a survey of practising scientists, recent graduates and undergraduates about their perceptions of undergraduate laboratory programmes in biology, chemistry and physics. The two groups in employment were requested to rate, in terms of degree of importance, each of 22 aims. The undergraduates were also requested to rate each aim, but in terms of their observed importance in their course as well as their preferred importance. The aims were then arranged in rank order. A high degree of concordance was found between practising scientists (which included staff in academic institutions) and recent graduates, who regard laboratory experiences in pragmatic terms which stress the acquisition of practical skills, equipment familiarity, observational skills, interpretation of data and a critical approach to experimentation. Undergraduate students, however, have some different perceptions of laboratory aims, and rate highly those activities associated with educational processes, for example the links which they observe to exist between theoretical material and laboratory work.

The implications of these results to the course designer are discussed.  相似文献   

“The Quare in the Square”: Queer Memory,Sensibilities, and Oscar Wilde     

Thomas R. Dunn 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2013,99(2):213-240

Oscar Wilde is perhaps the most well-known historical homosexual in the public imagination. However, for a new generation of queers less connected to “gay” labels, Wilde appears other and forgettable. To reanimate Wilde's memory for twenty-first-century queers and ensure his legacy going forward, I read the 1997 Oscar Wilde monument in Dublin, Ireland. Through discursive, visual, and material analyses, I argue the monument first complicates Wilde's sexuality, casting doubt on his gay label. Second, the monument reframes Wilde as the practitioner of a proto-queer sensibility. In doing so, the monument marks historical anachronisms and renders Wilde a more resonant figure for contemporary queer audiences.  相似文献   

What teachers think about what they can do with data: Development and validation of the data driven decision-making efficacy and anxiety inventory     

Karee E. Dunn  Denise T. Airola  Wen-Juo Lo  Mickey Garrison 《Contemporary educational psychology》2013

Classroom level data driven decision-making (DDDM) involves the use of data to identify patterns of performance that reveal students’ academic strengths and weaknesses relative to established learning goals, and the planning of instructional practices to support academic success for all students. Although DDDM is not a new paradigm in education, little is known about what variables facilitate teacher adoption of DDDM practices. The aim of this work was to introduce two such variables, DDDM efficacy and DDDM anxiety, and a measure of these constructs, the DDDM efficacy and anxiety (3D-MEA) inventory. The 1728 participants in this study were K-12 teachers who had experienced varying levels of DDDM professional development in a Pacific Northwestern state. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 864) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 864) were utilized to evaluate the psychometric properties of the 3D-MEA Inventory. Results supported a five-factor model. A discussion of the results and their implications ensue.  相似文献   

Theory of Mind, Emotion Understanding, Language, and Family Background: Individual Differences and Interrelations   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

Alexandra L. Cutting  & Judy Dunn 《Child development》1999,70(4):853-865

Individual differences in young children's social cognition were examined in 128 urban preschoolers from a wide range of backgrounds. comprehensive assessments were made of children's false-belief understanding, emotion understanding, language abilities, and family background information was collected via parent interview. Individual differences in children's understanding of false-belief and emotion were associated with differences in language ability and with certain aspects of family background, in particular, parental occupational class and mothers' education. The number of siblings that children had did not relate to their social cognition. Individual differences in false-belief and emotion understanding were correlated, but these domains did not contribute to each other independently of age, language ability, and family background. In fact, variance in family background only contributed uniquely to false-belief understanding. The results suggest that family background has a significant impact on the development of theory of mind. The findings also suggest that understanding of false-belief and understanding of emotion may be distinct aspects of social cognition in young children.  相似文献