Public culture and public understanding of genetics: a focus group study     

Bates BR 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2005,14(1):47-65

As the role of genetic science in everyday life has grown, policymakers have become concerned about Americans' understandings of this science. Much effort has been devoted to formal schooling, but less attention has been paid to the role of public culture in shaping public understanding of genetics. Research into public cultural messages about genetics has claimed that the public is likely to adopt problematic accounts, but few studies have explored the public's articulation of these messages. This study is based on 25 focus groups convened to explore the lay public's understanding of genetics. The study found that the public processed a greater variety of messages than assumed by previous researchers, including documentaries, non-science-fiction films, and popular television in addition to previous researchers' focus on science fiction and news media. The study also found that the public does not process the messages through the linear, transmission model assumed by previous research. The public processes messages about genetics complexly and critically. On the basis of these findings, the study suggests that researchers should include a greater variety of texts about genetics in their research and attend more fully to audience processing in addition to content analyses of these texts.  相似文献   

Document familiarity, relevance, and bradford''s law: The getty online searching project report no. 5     

Marcia J. Bates 《Information processing & management》1996,32(6):697-707

The Getty Online Searching Project studied the end-user searching behavior of 27 humanities scholars over a 2-year period. Surprising results were that a number of scholars anticipated—and found—that they were already familiar with a very high percentage of the records their searches retrieved. Previous familiarity with documents has been mentioned in discussion of relevance and information retrieval (IR) theory, but it has generally not been considered a significant factor. However, these experiences indicate that high document familiarity can be a significant factor in searching. Some implications are drawn regarding the impact of high document familiarity on relevance and IR theory. Finally, some speculations are made regarding high document familiarity and Bradford's Law.  相似文献   

Effects of stretch shortening cycle exercise fatigue on stress fracture injury risk during landing     

James CR  Dufek JS  Bates BT 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2006,77(1):1-13

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in landing performance during fatigue that could result in increased stress fracture injury risk. Five participants performed nonfatigued and fatigued drop landings (0.60 m), while ground reaction force (GRF), electromyographic (EMG) activity, and kinematics were recorded. Fatigue was defined as a 5-20% reduction in vertical jumping performance. Single-subject analyses revealed that all participants were affected (p < or = .05) by fatigue. Post hoc comparisons revealed a group effect (p < or = .05) for selected variables. Participants landed with (a) less joint flexion at contact and used a greater range of motion, (b) greater GRF peaks and loading rates, and (c) less EMG activity. These changes were consistent with greater risk of stress fracture.  相似文献   

Art and Science in Challenging Needs Assessments: A Case Study     

Reid A. Bates  Elwood F. Holton 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2002,15(1):111-130

This paper describes a needs assessment project that implemented two distinctive features to address challenges often faced in the needs assessment process. First, a pre‐assessment planning process was developed that successfully educated clients about the analysis process, generated management commitment, identified and prioritized key performance issues, and established an outcomes‐oriented strategic focus for the assessment. Second, to analyze team performance issues, a theory‐to‐practice process was developed that involved the use of discovery‐oriented inquiry within the project context (an inductive approach) with a deductive approach grounded in existing academic research and theory. The complementary and integrated use of these approaches yielded a more comprehensive understanding of the team performance problems, thorough analysis of those problems, and more focused and refined performance improvement recommendations.  相似文献   

Parents Influence the Visual Learning Environment Through Children's Manual Actions     

Maureen E. McQuillan  Linda B. Smith  Chen Yu  John E. Bates 《Child development》2020,91(3):e701-e720

The present research studied children in the second year of life (N = 29, M_age = 21.14 months, SD = 2.64 months) using experimental manipulations within and between subjects to show that responsive parental influence helps children have more frequent sustained object holds with fewer switches between objects compared to when parents are either not involved or over-involved. Regardless of parental involvement, sustained holds were visually rich, based on the size, centeredness, and dominance of the held object relative to other objects. These findings are important because they suggest not only that the child's body creates visually rich scenes across play contexts but also that a responsive parent can increase the frequency of these visually rich and informative moments.  相似文献   

Community cartography in health communication: An asset-based mapping approach in four communities in rural Ecuador     

Benjamin R. Bates  Diana L. Marvel  Claudia Nieto-Sanchez  Mario J. Grijalva 《Journal of International and Intercultural Communication》2019,12(3):228-247

Scholars and practitioners are increasingly turning to maps as tools for promoting health and development communication. These maps are often criticized for privileging the interests of the global North and for authorizing (neo)colonial approaches. The authors offer a case of community mapping incorporating asset-based community development that offers an alternative cartography. Drawing on the maps produced by members of four communities in rural Ecuador, the authors articulate how their maps productively use and challenge assumptions about maps. Following this analysis, the authors offer some implications that community-scale maps have for articulating rhetorical alternatives in health and development communication.  相似文献   

Child Sleep and Socioeconomic Context in the Development of Cognitive Abilities in Early Childhood     

Caroline P. Hoyniak  John E. Bates  Angela D. Staples  Kathleen M. Rudasill  Dennis L. Molfese  Victoria J. Molfese 《Child development》2019,90(5):1718-1737

Despite a robust literature examining the association between sleep problems and cognitive abilities in childhood, little is known about this association in toddlerhood, a period of rapid cognitive development. The present study examined the association between various sleep problems, using actigraphy, and performance on a standardized test of cognitive abilities, longitudinally across three ages (30, 36, and 42 months) in a large sample of toddlers (N = 493). Results revealed a between-subject effect in which the children who had more delayed sleep schedules on average also showed poorer cognitive abilities on average but did not support a within-subjects effect. Results also showed that delayed sleep explains part of the association between family socioeconomic context and child cognitive abilities.  相似文献   

THE CLASSROOM PASSWORD: A CLASS‐WIDE INTERVENTION TO INCREASE ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT     

Evan H. Dart  Keith C. Radley  Allison A. Battaglia  Komila Dadakhodjaeva  Kayla E. Bates  Sarah J. Wright 《Psychology in the schools》2016,53(4):416-431

The present study investigated the effectiveness of a novel class‐wide intervention, the Classroom Password, for increasing the academic engaged behavior of middle school students. The effectiveness of an independent group contingency was evaluated using a concurrent multiple baseline design across three seventh‐ and eighth‐grade classrooms. Results indicated that the intervention was effective across all three classrooms in increasing students’ academic engagement, or on‐task behavior, as evidenced by visual analysis and moderate to large effect sizes. Decreases in disruptive behavior were also observed across all three classrooms. Off‐task behavior was not substantially affected in any of the three classrooms. The intervention received mixed ratings by the classroom teachers regarding its social validity. Results of the present study suggest that the Classroom Password may be an effective class‐wide intervention for increasing the academically engaged behavior and decreasing the disruptive behavior of middle school students during instructional time.  相似文献   

The assessment of work integrated learning: Symptoms of personal change     

Merrelyn Bates 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2013,24(2):303-326

Work placements are an accepted part of academic curricula. In order to assess their value it is important to clearly identify what such programs offer that is different from existing courses. It is also necessary to develop assessment instruments that take their unique features into account. This analysis, which must be seen as a work-in-progress, advances a number of propositions about experiential learning and then uses them as a framework to establish criteria for evaluating student work. These criteria emphasise experiential learnings and the way academic concepts are applied in the field as individuals move from students to novice professionals.  相似文献   

‘It's more than stick and rudder skills’: an aviation professional development community of practice     

P. Bates 《Teaching in Higher Education》2013,18(6):619-630

In Australian higher education institutions, benchmarks have been directed at developing key competencies and attributes to facilitate students' transition into the workforce. However, for those students whose degree has a specific vocational focus, it is also necessary for them to commence their professional development whilst undergraduates. Familiarising students with the norms and culture of their chosen profession often does not occur through passive observation of subject content. At Griffith University in an undergraduate aviation degree, a community of practice has been established by the school, which develops student's generic skills and their identity as novice professionals. Our research examines the ways in which Mentoring Aviators Through Educational Support (MATES) provides students with the opportunity to develop their professional competence and experience through connecting with other undergraduates and industry professionals.  相似文献