The changing role of international cooperation in developing countries (as they develop): A case study of skills development policies in Peru     

Miguel Jaramillo 《International Journal of Educational Development》2012,32(1):22-30

A focus on the changes in the relationship between international cooperation and local actors in the skills development field in Peru as the country strengthened its financial position in the last two decades allows us to examine the role of the economic factor in these changes. The paper argues that indeed there is an association between the two. Peru's strengthened financial position has limited reliance on IC funding to carry out policy innovations, which has led IC to abandon the top-bottom approach to reform of the early nineties for a bottom-up approach that focuses in key actors at the middle level of the public sector entities and on sub-national governments. However, a second important factor has been institutional reform. Peru has developed a national policy towards IC and thus created a new setting for IC work, producing a more orderly environment for collaboration, while boosting information sharing among local agencies expecting international cooperation. The analysis stresses local factors conditioning changes and identifies lessons for the actors involved, particularly for international cooperation (IC), regarding possible strategies for a more effective role in skills development policies.  相似文献   

Teachers’ scaffolding science reading comprehension in low-income schools: how to improve achievement in science     

Sandra Patricia Rojas Rojas  Alejandra Meneses  Emilio Sánchez Miguel 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(13):1827-1847

ABSTRACT

Reading is a tool that promotes the learning of science across schooling. Scientific texts are conceptually and linguistically complex, especially for students from low-income contexts because they have neither the experience with the language nor the literacy skills to face the challenges of scientific knowledge. This study used a mix method approach to compare the cognitive scaffolding practiced by teachers during science reading activities in high- and low-performing schools. Three teachers and 141 fourth grade students from low socioeconomic background schools participated in 48 class sessions. Classes were video-recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed using Sanchez’ Pedagogic Practice Analysis System. The results show that teachers from both types of schools continuously use reading as a tool for learning. The effective teacher uses reading with non-invasive scaffolding and varied verbal participation to elaborate knowledge, promoting literal and inferential comprehension and more opportunities for the students to construct knowledge. By contrast, less effective teachers use reading with invasive scaffolding and little verbal participation of the students to consolidate knowledge, promoting mainly literal comprehension. This study shed light on different approaches teachers use to foster reading comprehension for science learning.  相似文献   

¿Cómo determinan los niños la concordancia de género?: Refutación de la teoría del género natural     

Miguel Pérez 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(50):73-91

Resumen

En este artículo se presentan los datos de un experimento realizado sobre el desarrollo del género con 160 niños hispanoparlantes de 4 a 11 años de edad. Las tres posibles claves (información semántica, morfofonológica, y sintáctica) que los hablantes pueden emplear para determinar el género del nombre y su concordancia con otros elementos variables que lo acompañan, han sido manipuladas experimentalmente para ofrecer las combinaciones posibles. Así se han presentado 1) items en los que solamente estaba presente una clave, 2) items en los que había un efecto combinado de dos de ellas en concordancia (ambas ya sea masculinas, o femeninas), 3) e items en los que las claves estaban en conflicto (una de ellas era masculina y la otra femenina, por ejemplo).

Los resultados hallados (que se comparan con los obtenidos en otras lenguas) dan apoyo a la perspectiva teórica que defiende que los niños prestan más atendón a la información sintáctica y morfofonológica (intralingüística) que a la semántica (extralinguistica).  相似文献   

De la comunicación gestual al lenguaje verbal     

Miguel Siguán Soler 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(3):19-42

RESUMEN

El artículo se centra en la evolución de la comunicación en el niño, desde el gesto hasta el establecimiento del lenguaje verbal. Se describen las características de la comunicación gestual (intención significativa, ausencia de límites del significante) y su evolución desde el nacimiento. La palabra forma parte de la gesticulación que acompaña a la actividad del adulto en su relación con el niño. El niño aprende el significado de las palabras porque forman parte de una gesticulación significativa. En este proceso se destaca el papel de la entonación, que parece constituir el eslabón intermedio entre el gesto y la palabra y tiene gran importancia en el posterior aprendizaje de las estructuras sintácticas y gramaticales. La intervención del adulto en el desarrollo infantil tiene una intención pedagógica: estimula, desarrolla y rectifica las emisiones del niño. El paso a la comunicación verbal se da en varias fases: comunicación afectiva, uso de apelativos o denominación, aprendizaje de la oposición (negación), expresión de la calificación de sus experiencias, invitación a la acción, designación, designación de objetos ausentes, aprendizajes sintácticos y semánticos. Con la aparición de las frases el lenguaje se separa definitivamente de la comunicación gestual.  相似文献   

La actualidad de Wallon     

Miguel Siguán 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(8):85-92

RESUMEN

Este trabajo señala la manera en que Wallon se enfrenta con los problemas de fondo de la psicología fundamentalmente su objeto y su método, ofreciéndoles una respuesta coherente. Señala las diferencias y semejanzas entre Piaget y Wallon.

La obra de Wallon esta influida por tres corrientes intelectuales: la tradicción empirista y la positivista, la concepción del hombre determinado por su entorno social y el evolucionismo biológico.

Las ideas claves de la psicología walloniana giran en torno a los conceptos de solidaridad entre el desarrollo intelectual y el emotivo personal, la solidaridad entre el desarrollo del individuo y de la colectividad y la concepción de la infancia como una etapa más de la evolución, lo que sitúa a su estudio en una perspectiva genética.  相似文献   

The Co-residence of Elderly People with Their Children and Grandchildren     

José Miguel Latorre Postigo  Rigoberto López Honrubia 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(4):330-349

As a result of the increase in life expectancy in Western societies, the need for elderly people to live with their families (coresidence) is on the rise. The main objectives of this study were to determine the social perception of the advantages and drawbacks of coresidence with elderly people and establish the differences in this perception amongst the coresiding generations. A 20-item scale (Likert-type) was developed to determine beliefs on coresidence. A total of 414 subjects from three generations (207 young people, 146 adults and 61 elderly people) from 207 different families took part in the study. Results: the factorial analysis of the scale entitled “assessment conflict in coresidence with elderly people” (ACE) shows five factors that, together, account for 47.5% of the total variance. The results indicate that there are both positive and negative beliefs, although negative beliefs are the most prevalent. The most prominent positive belief was that the grandparents help to look after their grandchildren. Problems derived from living together and the lack of space were among the negative beliefs. The perception of coresidence with elderly people varied among the generations, and two different patterns were observed regarding the degree of agreement with the statements. In one pattern, the level of agreement gradually increased from the grandchildren generation to the grandparent generation. In the other in two generations, it was similar, and in the third it was different. In general, the parent generation (adults) had the most negative perception of coresidence with elderly people.  相似文献   

Comprehensiveness and diversity in secondary compulsory education in andalusia: an unresolved challenge     

Ángel Pérez ómez  Miguel Sola FernÁndez  Javier Barquín Ruiz  Nieves Blanco  Encarnación Soto Gómez 《Educational Action Research》2013,21(4):473-492

This article outlines the contradictions and challenges of introducing comprehensive, compulsory education in Andalusia for students up to the age of 16. Following a documenting of the developments, it is argued that while the intention was for a significant, planned reform, it is better characterised as one that is, at best, an improvisation. The article discusses the continuing difficulties that may be attributed to a number of policies of the Conservative government of the day, which allowed the development of two systems of education that were not grounded in concepts of equity and social justice to evolve. The work of John Elliott has been acknowledged as an important influence upon the inquiry that was undertaken and the subsequent analysis of its results. Thus, not only are the results of an action-orientated study reported here, but also there is an extensive set of guiding principles that could enable the reform to be truly actualised.  相似文献   

Information retrieval with geographical references. Relevant documents filtering vs. query expansion     

Miguel . García-Cumbreras  Jos M. Perea-Ortega  Manuel García-Vega  L. Alfonso Urea-Lpez 《Information processing & management》2009,45(5):605-614

This is a thorough analysis of two techniques applied to Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR). Previous studies have researched the application of query expansion to improve the selection process of information retrieval systems. This paper emphasizes the effectiveness of the filtering of relevant documents applied to a GIR system, instead of query expansion. Based on the CLEF (Cross Language Evaluation Forum) framework available, several experiments have been run. Some based on query expansion, some on the filtering of relevant documents. The results show that filtering works better in a GIR environment, because relevant documents are not reordered in the final list.  相似文献   

An unexpected world population variation of MCT1 polymorphism 1470T > A involved in lactate transport     

Federico Onali  Carla M. Calò  Myosotis Massidda  Miguel M. Álvarez-Álvarez 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(10):1376-1382

A common missense mutation (1470T > A) in gene SLC16A1 responsible for an amino acid substitution in protein MCT1 has been associated with differential lactate transport and hence, differences in physical performance and muscle injuries in relation to physical exercise. This study describes, for the first time, the worldwide variation of MCT1 variant 1470T > A at an intra- and inter-continental level. Two thousand five hundred and four individual genotypes of 26 populations clustered in 5 population groups have been analysed with data downloaded from the public database 1000 Genomes Phase 3 Browser. Several parameters of population differentiation and structure have been explored as well as selection signatures in the whole gene. Allele T, the common variant, shows extremely high values in Sub-Saharan African groups (frequencies 86–91%) as compared with the remaining world regions (69–49%). TT genotype also predominates in African groups, showing significant differences with the rest of world populations. In view of the evidence that the TT genotype is associated with clinical implications and a better predisposition to sprint/power performances, we suggest that the high presence of the TT genotype in African populations should be taken into account in future association studies at both medical and sports fields.  相似文献   

The pedagogical foundations of primary school inspector Leonor Serrano (1914–1939)     

Miguel Ortells Roca  Juan Traver Martí 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2018,54(3):338-354

This article aims to reconstruct the pedagogy of Leonor Serrano, a Spanish school inspector working and developing her theories between 1914 and 1939. We use an interrogative-analytical methodology based on content analysis of her texts to reconstruct her educational theory. The theoretical deductive elements are uncovered in the analysis of the answers Leonor Serrano gives to the “basic questions of education”, issues that provide the bases for the scientific field of the theory of education to define a specific pedagogy and are identified through a process of historical-educational review. The study outcome is an explanatory narrative. The paper ends with a discussion of the method and the results.  相似文献