¿Cómo determinan los niños la concordancia de género?: Refutación de la teoría del género natural     

Miguel Pérez 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(50):73-91

Resumen

En este artículo se presentan los datos de un experimento realizado sobre el desarrollo del género con 160 niños hispanoparlantes de 4 a 11 años de edad. Las tres posibles claves (información semántica, morfofonológica, y sintáctica) que los hablantes pueden emplear para determinar el género del nombre y su concordancia con otros elementos variables que lo acompañan, han sido manipuladas experimentalmente para ofrecer las combinaciones posibles. Así se han presentado 1) items en los que solamente estaba presente una clave, 2) items en los que había un efecto combinado de dos de ellas en concordancia (ambas ya sea masculinas, o femeninas), 3) e items en los que las claves estaban en conflicto (una de ellas era masculina y la otra femenina, por ejemplo).

Los resultados hallados (que se comparan con los obtenidos en otras lenguas) dan apoyo a la perspectiva teórica que defiende que los niños prestan más atendón a la información sintáctica y morfofonológica (intralingüística) que a la semántica (extralinguistica).  相似文献   

De la comunicación gestual al lenguaje verbal     

Miguel Siguán Soler 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(3):19-42

RESUMEN

El artículo se centra en la evolución de la comunicación en el niño, desde el gesto hasta el establecimiento del lenguaje verbal. Se describen las características de la comunicación gestual (intención significativa, ausencia de límites del significante) y su evolución desde el nacimiento. La palabra forma parte de la gesticulación que acompaña a la actividad del adulto en su relación con el niño. El niño aprende el significado de las palabras porque forman parte de una gesticulación significativa. En este proceso se destaca el papel de la entonación, que parece constituir el eslabón intermedio entre el gesto y la palabra y tiene gran importancia en el posterior aprendizaje de las estructuras sintácticas y gramaticales. La intervención del adulto en el desarrollo infantil tiene una intención pedagógica: estimula, desarrolla y rectifica las emisiones del niño. El paso a la comunicación verbal se da en varias fases: comunicación afectiva, uso de apelativos o denominación, aprendizaje de la oposición (negación), expresión de la calificación de sus experiencias, invitación a la acción, designación, designación de objetos ausentes, aprendizajes sintácticos y semánticos. Con la aparición de las frases el lenguaje se separa definitivamente de la comunicación gestual.  相似文献   

La actualidad de Wallon     

Miguel Siguán 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(8):85-92

RESUMEN

Este trabajo señala la manera en que Wallon se enfrenta con los problemas de fondo de la psicología fundamentalmente su objeto y su método, ofreciéndoles una respuesta coherente. Señala las diferencias y semejanzas entre Piaget y Wallon.

La obra de Wallon esta influida por tres corrientes intelectuales: la tradicción empirista y la positivista, la concepción del hombre determinado por su entorno social y el evolucionismo biológico.

Las ideas claves de la psicología walloniana giran en torno a los conceptos de solidaridad entre el desarrollo intelectual y el emotivo personal, la solidaridad entre el desarrollo del individuo y de la colectividad y la concepción de la infancia como una etapa más de la evolución, lo que sitúa a su estudio en una perspectiva genética.  相似文献   

The Co-residence of Elderly People with Their Children and Grandchildren     

José Miguel Latorre Postigo  Rigoberto López Honrubia 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(4):330-349

As a result of the increase in life expectancy in Western societies, the need for elderly people to live with their families (coresidence) is on the rise. The main objectives of this study were to determine the social perception of the advantages and drawbacks of coresidence with elderly people and establish the differences in this perception amongst the coresiding generations. A 20-item scale (Likert-type) was developed to determine beliefs on coresidence. A total of 414 subjects from three generations (207 young people, 146 adults and 61 elderly people) from 207 different families took part in the study. Results: the factorial analysis of the scale entitled “assessment conflict in coresidence with elderly people” (ACE) shows five factors that, together, account for 47.5% of the total variance. The results indicate that there are both positive and negative beliefs, although negative beliefs are the most prevalent. The most prominent positive belief was that the grandparents help to look after their grandchildren. Problems derived from living together and the lack of space were among the negative beliefs. The perception of coresidence with elderly people varied among the generations, and two different patterns were observed regarding the degree of agreement with the statements. In one pattern, the level of agreement gradually increased from the grandchildren generation to the grandparent generation. In the other in two generations, it was similar, and in the third it was different. In general, the parent generation (adults) had the most negative perception of coresidence with elderly people.  相似文献   

Comprehensiveness and diversity in secondary compulsory education in andalusia: an unresolved challenge     

Ángel Pérez ómez  Miguel Sola FernÁndez  Javier Barquín Ruiz  Nieves Blanco  Encarnación Soto Gómez 《Educational Action Research》2013,21(4):473-492

This article outlines the contradictions and challenges of introducing comprehensive, compulsory education in Andalusia for students up to the age of 16. Following a documenting of the developments, it is argued that while the intention was for a significant, planned reform, it is better characterised as one that is, at best, an improvisation. The article discusses the continuing difficulties that may be attributed to a number of policies of the Conservative government of the day, which allowed the development of two systems of education that were not grounded in concepts of equity and social justice to evolve. The work of John Elliott has been acknowledged as an important influence upon the inquiry that was undertaken and the subsequent analysis of its results. Thus, not only are the results of an action-orientated study reported here, but also there is an extensive set of guiding principles that could enable the reform to be truly actualised.  相似文献   

Information retrieval with geographical references. Relevant documents filtering vs. query expansion     

Miguel . García-Cumbreras  Jos M. Perea-Ortega  Manuel García-Vega  L. Alfonso Urea-Lpez 《Information processing & management》2009,45(5):605-614

This is a thorough analysis of two techniques applied to Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR). Previous studies have researched the application of query expansion to improve the selection process of information retrieval systems. This paper emphasizes the effectiveness of the filtering of relevant documents applied to a GIR system, instead of query expansion. Based on the CLEF (Cross Language Evaluation Forum) framework available, several experiments have been run. Some based on query expansion, some on the filtering of relevant documents. The results show that filtering works better in a GIR environment, because relevant documents are not reordered in the final list.  相似文献   

An unexpected world population variation of MCT1 polymorphism 1470T > A involved in lactate transport     

Federico Onali  Carla M. Calò  Myosotis Massidda  Miguel M. Álvarez-Álvarez 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(10):1376-1382

A common missense mutation (1470T > A) in gene SLC16A1 responsible for an amino acid substitution in protein MCT1 has been associated with differential lactate transport and hence, differences in physical performance and muscle injuries in relation to physical exercise. This study describes, for the first time, the worldwide variation of MCT1 variant 1470T > A at an intra- and inter-continental level. Two thousand five hundred and four individual genotypes of 26 populations clustered in 5 population groups have been analysed with data downloaded from the public database 1000 Genomes Phase 3 Browser. Several parameters of population differentiation and structure have been explored as well as selection signatures in the whole gene. Allele T, the common variant, shows extremely high values in Sub-Saharan African groups (frequencies 86–91%) as compared with the remaining world regions (69–49%). TT genotype also predominates in African groups, showing significant differences with the rest of world populations. In view of the evidence that the TT genotype is associated with clinical implications and a better predisposition to sprint/power performances, we suggest that the high presence of the TT genotype in African populations should be taken into account in future association studies at both medical and sports fields.  相似文献   

The pedagogical foundations of primary school inspector Leonor Serrano (1914–1939)     

Miguel Ortells Roca  Juan Traver Martí 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2018,54(3):338-354

This article aims to reconstruct the pedagogy of Leonor Serrano, a Spanish school inspector working and developing her theories between 1914 and 1939. We use an interrogative-analytical methodology based on content analysis of her texts to reconstruct her educational theory. The theoretical deductive elements are uncovered in the analysis of the answers Leonor Serrano gives to the “basic questions of education”, issues that provide the bases for the scientific field of the theory of education to define a specific pedagogy and are identified through a process of historical-educational review. The study outcome is an explanatory narrative. The paper ends with a discussion of the method and the results.  相似文献   

Antioxidant response and oxidative damage induced by a swimming session: influence of gender     

Tauler P  Ferrer MD  Romaguera D  Sureda A  Aguilo A  Tur J  Pons A 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(12):1303-1311

In this study, we examined oxidative stress after a swimming session, the responses of the antioxidant defences, and the influence of gender on these responses. Fifteen boys and eight girls participated voluntarily in the study. Plasma concentrations of 17-beta-estradiol, vitamin E, retinol, carotenes, ascorbate, malondialdehyde, and the carbonyl index were determined. Creatine kinase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities, as well as glucose, urea, urate, cholesterol, and triglycerides, were determined in serum. Plasma concentrations of 17-beta-estradiol were higher in girls than in boys. Exercise increased plasma ascorbate both in boys and in girls. Malondialdehyde increased in boys but was maintained in girls after exercise. Creatine kinase values corrected for lean body mass were similar in boys and girls at baseline, but the post-exercise values in boys were higher than in girls. A positive correlation was observed in boys, but not in girls, between plasma malondialdehyde and creatine kinase corrected concentrations. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between the increase in circulating neutrophils and in creatine kinase activity in girls but not in boys. In conclusion, a swimming session induced higher muscular and oxidative damage in boys than in girls.  相似文献   

Stress and coping in primary caregivers of children with a disability: a qualitative study using the Lazarus and Folkman Process Model of Coping     

Tara  Kelso  Dr  Davina French  Miguel  Fernandez 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2005,5(1):3-10

Twenty-six primary caregivers of children with a disability took part in focus groups or interviews to discuss their perceptions of stress and the coping process. Research was framed within the Process Model of Stress and Coping ( Lazarus & Folkman, 1984 ). Findings provided a snapshot of the common stresses encountered by caregivers and indicate the need to consider individual experiences when determining the impact of stressful events. Eight common stressors were identified, as well as novel constructions of stressful experiences. Results suggested that a range of coping resources and strategies were employed. The study also indicated that the majority of participants adapted well to the requirements of raising a child with a disability. The current study indicates the value of using qualitative methods, particularly with unique populations, to inform policy and service provision.  相似文献