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The quantity of government records has grown dramatically since the rapid development of information technology starting in the mid-twentieth century. This ever-expanding body of records has challenged the limited resources of government archives. Though U.S. government archivists constantly try to identify valuable government records among the geometrically increasing total, in order to justify spending public money on their preservation, little is known about how U.S. state archives and records management programs go about the process. The study discussed in this paper is the first to empirically investigate nationwide archival appraisal practice in U.S. state archives and records management programs. The study answered two research questions: How do U.S. state archivists and records managers conceptually define archival appraisal? How do U.S. state archivists and records managers practice archival appraisal of state government records? The study used an online survey and interviews for data collection and SPSS software and NVivo8 software for data analysis. This paper discusses the research topic and concludes with recommendations for practitioners and further studies.  相似文献   
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INTRODUCTION Piezoelectricity is an electromechanical phe- nomenon which couples elasticity and electricity through the existence of pressure induced electrical field or electric induced stress field. The piezoelectric materials are usually surface bonded in patches or fully embedded in the host structure, so that the structure becomes a laminated piezoelectric beam. Tzou and Gadre (1989), Lee (1990), Crawly and Lazarus (1991) developed laminated plate models incorporating the piezoelect…  相似文献   
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The impact-synchronous modal analysis (ISMA), which uses impact-synchronous time averaging (ISTA), allows modal testing to be performed during operation. ISTA is effective in filtering out the non-synchronous cyclic load component, its harmonics, and noises. However, it was found that at operating speeds that coincide with the natural modes, ISMA would require a high number of impacts to determine the dynamic characteristics of the system. This finding has subsequently reduced the effectiveness and practicality of ISMA. Preservation of signatures during ISTA depends on the consistency of their phase angles on every time block but not necessarily on their frequencies. Thus, the effect of phase angles with respect to impact is seen to be a very important parameter when performing ISMA on structures with dominant periodic responses due to cyclic load and ambient excitation. The responses from unaccounted forces that contain even the same frequency as that contained in the response due to impact are diminished with the least number of impacts when the phase of the periodic responses is not consistent with the impact signature for every impact applied. The assessment showed that a small number of averages are sufficient to eliminate the non-synchronous components with 98.48% improvement on simulation and 95.22% improvement on experimental modal testing when the phase angles with respect to impact are not consistent for every impact applied.  相似文献   
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Asia Pacific Education Review - This study examined three cases in which an online support system was utilized to enhance creative problem solving (CPS) in a higher education setting. This study...  相似文献   
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This study analyses middle school students’ interests in biology to provide information on instructional strategies and curriculum development in Korea. An instrument that measures interests was developed based on the middle school biology curriculum. It consists of 64 three‐point Likert‐type items (scores range from 0 to 2). The two components, ‘topic’ and ‘activity’, are composed of 64 items. The topic component and the activity component contain 11 domains and six domains respectively. Data were collected from 267 middle school students in Seoul (male: 169, female: 107). The levels of interest in topic and activity were almost the same and not high. The highest interest domains were ‘genetics’ in topics and ‘observing through a microscope’ in activities. The interest levels in the domain ‘plant morphology’ and ‘plant‐related activity’ were the lowest in each component. The interest level of the eighth graders was the highest found among students. Interest levels of females were lower than those of males in ‘environment and ecosystem’, ‘animal reproduction’ and ‘animal morphology’, but higher in ‘plant morphology’ and ‘plant related activity’ (p < 0.05). Among the topics, the ‘human biology’ domain correlated positively with the domains ‘genetics’, ‘environment and ecosystem’ and ‘respiration of animal and plant’. The correlation between the domains of ‘plant reproduction and nutrition’ and ‘plant development’ was significant in ‘activity’ (r > 0.50, p < 0.001). Consistencies in interests were suggested with respect to instructional strategy and curriculum design.  相似文献   
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It is crucial to be acquainted with the art of using hypermedia learning packages in the educational context to ensure their successful integration into the learning environment. For these packages to enhance learning, they cannot be treated as an add-on, isolated from other aspects of the learning environment. Based on a case study of the use of WinEcon in the EC 103 (Using Maths in Economics) course at the University of Leicester, this paper highlights the importance of supporting ICT and non-ICT tools, the dialogic dimensions of learning and the pivotal role of the tutor in the economics course. L’art d’utiliser un module hypermédia de sciences économiques. Il est crucial de connaître l'art d'employer les hypermédias dans le contexte éducatif pour réussir leur intégration dans l'environnement d'apprentissage. Pour que ces modules renforcent l'apprentissage, ils ne peuvent être traités comme une simple adjonction isolée et indépendante des autres aspects de l'environnement d'apprentissage. Cet article est basé sur une étude de cas, l'utilisation de WinEcon dans le cours EC 103 (Utilisation des mathématiques en économie) de l'Université Leicester. Il souligne l'importance du rÔle des TIC considérées comme support et non comme outil, celle de la conception dialogique de l'apprentissage et enfin, le rÔle central du tutorat dans ce cours d'économie. Die Kunst ein Hypermedia-Lernmodul in der Wirtschaftslehre einzusetzen. Bei dem Einsatzes eines Hypermedia Lernmodul ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung mit dem pädagogischen Kontext genauestens vertraut zu sein, um somit eine erfolgreiche Integration in die Ausbildungsumgebung sicherzustellen. Damit diese Module die Lerneffektivität steigern, können sie nicht nur als Anhang betrachtet werden, also isoliert von anderen pädagogischen Aspekten. Basierend auf einer Fallstudie über den Einsatz von WinEcon im EC 103 Kurs (Mathematik in der Wirtschaft) an der Universität von Leicester, hebt unser Artikel die Wichtigkeit hervor, die mit der Unterstützung von ICTund Nicht-ICT-Werkzeugen, dem Dialog in die Bildung, und dem Tutor als Schlüsselrolle in unserem Kurs Wirtschaftslehre einhergehen.  相似文献   
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The paper attempts to bridge informal and formal learning by leveraging on affordance structures associated with informal environments to help learners develop social, cognitive, and metacognitive dispositions that can be applied to learning in classrooms. Most studies focus on either learning in formal or informal contexts, but this study seeks to link the two. The paper proposes three tenets to augment de-contextualized learning in schools by putting back the: (a) tacit, (b) social-collective, and (c) informal. This paper seeks to advance the argument for a consideration of how formal learning might be made more authentic by leveraging the affordances of informal learning. Two case examples are illustrated. The first case shows learners operating in a virtual environment in which??through the collaborative manipulation of terrain??adopt the epistemic frame of geomorphologists. The case seeks to illustrate how the tacit and social-collective dimensions from the virtual environment might be incorporated as part of the formal geography curriculum. In the second case, interactions between members of a school bowling team highlight the contextualized and authentic metacognitive demands placed on learners/bowlers, and how these demands are re-contextualized??through metacognitive brokering??to the formal curriculum. Productive linkages are made between informal and formal learnings and anchored through learners?? authentic experiences.  相似文献   
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