Text retrieval: an overview     

Alan Gilchrist 《Learned Publishing》2003,16(1):61-69

The current state of the art of text retrieval, and indications of radical developments to come, should be of concern to all involved in text processing in the information chain from author to end‐user. This brief overview, slanted towards the interests of publishers, looks at the recent history of retrieval techniques, and present attempts to deal with information overload and the relative inability of many to conduct effective searches. As networks proliferate, the problem of ‘mapping’ between databases increases in complexity, and mention is made of attempts by the UK government to establish a system to support interdepartmental search and ‘open government’. The Semantic Web is seen as the next big development, but will require enormous effort. It is concluded that text retrieval is less often a separate facility as it is increasingly embedded, as a required tool, in larger systems.  相似文献   

A Functioning Junior High School     

Robert S. Gilchrist 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2013,86(1):36-39

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Color vision in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)     

Kelling AS  Snyder RJ  Marr MJ  Bloomsmith MA  Gardner W  Maple TL 《Learning & behavior》2006,34(2):154-161

Hue discrimination abilities of giant pandas were tested, controlling for brightness. Subjects were 2 adult giant pandas (1 male and 1 female). A simultaneous discrimination procedure without correction was used. In five tasks, white, black, and five saturations each of green, blue, and red served as positive stimuli that were paired with one or two comparison stimuli consisting of 16 saturations of gray. To demonstrate discrimination, the subjects were required to choose the positive stimulus in 16 of 20 trials (80% correct) for three consecutive sessions. Both subjects reached criterion for green and red. The female subject also reached criterion for blue. The male was not tested for blue. This study is a systematic replication of Bacon and Burghardt’s (1976) color discrimination experiment on black bears. The results suggest that color vision in the giant panda is comparable to that of black bears and other carnivores that are not strictly nocturnal.  相似文献   

Dilemmas of Prescriptive Practices and Perceived Alignment in Program Implementation     

Mollie Rubin  Susan Kemper Patrick  Ellen B. Goldring 《Peabody Journal of Education》2017,92(5):609-626

This paper studies the early implementation of a school improvement effort in two high schools. We examine what explains variation in the teacher adoption of program practices. Our findings highlight the tension between encouraging immediate adoption of program practices and the longer term goals of schoolwide culture change. We find that highly structured practices and those that are already aligned with teachers' extant beliefs and classroom practices can be implemented with little preexisting capacity. These conditions could also lead to more consistent and quicker initial adoption. However, this type of implementation might not encourage sufficient understanding of program goals and may inhibit the diffusion of practices into the school culture. Findings highlight dilemmas associated with program practices when the goal is to bring educational reforms to scale.  相似文献   

A model for the current pulses of cloud-to-ground lightning discharges     

James H. Gilchrist  John B. Thomas 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1975,299(3):199-210

A model for the current pulses of cloud-to-ground lightning discharges is proposed. Characteristics of lightning pulses such as finite rise time, decay time and time of occurence are incorporated in the model. The mean current and power spectral density are calculated using a numerical technique.  相似文献   

Letters to Prospects     

Mollie Campbell-Smith  Fereshteh D. Niazi 《Prospects》1975,5(4):549-550

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Patterns of student counselling in universities of the United States     

Edwin L. Herr  David D. Ream  Lou Ann C. Gilchrist 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1995,18(4):303-325

Approaches to student counselling in U.S. universities are diverse, reflecting the characteristics, purposes, and size of the institutions in which they are found. This article examines existing models, criteria for evaluating, and issues yet to be resolved among student counselling centers in the United States.  相似文献   

Reaching one another: education in a multi‐racial society     

Mollie Lloyd 《Cambridge Journal of Education》1982,12(2):64-76

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An Ecological Approach to a University Course that Develops Partnerships Impacting Health and Wellness in K-12 Schools and Communities     

Sharon L. Shields  Leigh Z. Gilchrist  Carol T. Nixon  Barbara A. Holland  Elizabeth A. Thompson 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(5):608-621

Over the past several decades, there has been an increased focus on health promotion as opposed to individual health determinants and disease prevention. Given the association between health and academic success, health promotion is a vastly overlooked lever for establishing effective K-12 schools. Student, organizational, and community well-being are intricately linked, and thus, focusing on any one of these alone will not eliminate achievement gaps and health disparities. We assert that university–community collaboration is instrumental in promoting student and family well-being. Moreover, employing an ecological systems lens to inform partnership and health promotion practices facilitates collective action and magnifies results. In this article, we describe the philosophical and theoretical orientations that guide our teaching, service, and scholarship. We explain how a university undergraduate course that utilizes service-learning has leveraged theory to build university–community collaboration. Using illustrative examples of several service-learning projects, we show how an ecological systems orientation has enhanced the course; supported a systemic approach to health promotion in schools and communities; and facilitated strategic, mutual, and sustained partnerships. We conclude by highlighting the implications of an ecological approach to university–community collaboration, including organizational capacity building, implementation of evidence-based practices, and the need to enhance preservice teacher education.  相似文献   

The school: Liberator or censurer?     

Mollie Campbell-Smith 《Child abuse & neglect》1983,7(3):329-337

The community is faced with an increasing number of children suffering from social and emotional difficulties. As all children attend school, this is a highly suitable place to examine possible means of identifying and helping children suffering from social and emotional difficulties. For the last 20 years most schools have lagged in their adjustment to the full range of needs of students. They act as a censurer by: domination of academic requirements causing many to fail; failure to meet the expressed needs of children; inadequate teacher training; too little help given to children and often too late; uncoordinated assistance within the school or with community agencies; and by not reducing peer abuse. The school can play a significant role in child development, but for the child with adjustment difficulties coherent assistance is rarely offered. The school can liberate by: recognition of the needs of non-academic children; recognition of the affective needs of all; providing affective training for selected teachers; giving appropriate curriculum time for a programme in personal growth and social relationships; by developing a multidisciplinary community agency which interacts with the school. A model is proposed outlining how effective intervention will break and prevent the cycle of abusive behaviour. This programme proceeds sequentially through each grade. Basically it is one of effective student group interaction in the presence of a specially selected and trained group leader. Such a programme contributes to change in school philosophy, and increases the possibility of the child becoming a more adequate adult/parent. Negative emotional effects of bureaucracy and the Australian school institution on children are discussed. This paper looks critically at schools, outlines some ways in which such abuse is manifested and discusses how the schools can become factors in healing as well as preventing abuse.  相似文献