Exploring sex differences in science enrolment intentions: An application of the General Model of Academic Choice     

Geoffrey Barnes  Dennis M McInerney  Herbert W Marsh 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2005,32(2):1-23

In many countries there remain substantial sex differences in enrolments in elective science courses, despite concerted efforts in recent years to alleviate them. This paper explores the reasons for these differences by comparing models of male and female enrolment intentions in elective courses in biology, chemistry and physics. The models are based on responses from approximately 450 students from 5 Australian high schools. First, a theoretical model, the Science Enrolment Model, was derived from Eccles and colleagues’ General Model of Academic Choice. Students’ responses were then used to develop empirical models of enrolment intentions in the three elective courses. Analyses for the models were conducted using the LISREL “mean structures” extension. Sex differences in the dependent variables in the models were then attributed to the relevant sets of independent variables. Substantial sex differences were identified in measures of perceived career value, interest and performance expectations in all three models which explained between 70% and 82% of the sex differences in enrolment intentions.  相似文献   

Exploring Changes in Student Engagement through the RULER Approach: An Examination of Students at Risk of Academic Failure     

Christina Cipriano  Tia N. Barnes  Susan E. Rivers  Marc Brackett 《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2019,24(1):1-19

The present paper examines if developmental pathways for students at risk for academic failure can be improved through social and emotional learning (SEL). Specifically, we test this hypothesis by accounting for shifts in student engagement, a highly studied and malleable construct often inclusive of SEL interventions, as the pathway by which to impact student achievement outcomes. Using longitudinal data from a randomized control trial, we identified students at risk for school failure (n?=?318) within a larger sample of fifth graders (N?=?1,352). Multigroup path model revealed that participation in RULER significantly impacted the relationship between student engagement and conduct behaviors for at risk students: students who experienced RULER demonstrated increased engagement a year later (at sixth grade) and improved conduct the following year (in seventh grade). The potential for and limitations of SEL programs on developmental trajectories for students at risk for school failure are discussed.  相似文献   

Looking at the Social Aspects of Nature of Science in Science Education Through a New Lens     

Sila Kaya  Sibel Erduran  Naomi Birdthistle  Orla McCormack 《Science & Education》2018,27(5-6):457-478

Particular social aspects of the nature of science (NOS), such as economics of, and entrepreneurship in science, are understudied in science education research. It is not surprising then that the practical applications, such as lesson resources and teaching materials, are scarce. The key aims of this article are to (a) synthesize perspectives from the literature on economics of science (EOS), entrepreneurship, NOS, and science education in order to have a better understanding of how science works in society and (b) illustrate how such a synthesis can be incorporated in the practice of science education. The main objectives of this article are to (1) argue for the role and inclusion of EOS and entrepreneurship in NOS and re-define entrepreneurship in the NOS context; (2) explore the issues emerging in the “financial systems” of the Family Resemblance Approach (FRA) to NOS and propose the inclusion of contemporary aspects of science, such as EOS and entrepreneurship, into NOS; (3) conceptualize NOS, EOS, and entrepreneurship in a conceptual framework to explain how science works in the society; and (4) transform the theoretical knowledge of how science operates in society into practical applications for science teaching and learning. The conceptual framework that we propose illustrates the links between State, Academia, Market and Industry (the SAMI cycle framework). We suggest practical lesson activities to clarify how the theoretical discussions on the SAMI cycle framework can be useful and relevant for classroom practice. In this article, science refers to physics, chemistry, and biology. However, we also recommend an application of this framework to other sciences to reveal their social-institutional side.  相似文献   

A Quasi-Experiment Examining Expressive and Receptive Vocabulary Knowledge of Preschool Head Start Children Using Mobile Media Apps     

Angela Vatalaro  Anne McDonald Culp  Debbie L. Hahs-Vaughn  Amanda C. Barnes 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2018,46(4):451-466

This study examined the efficacy of using different types of mobile media apps to increase the receptive and expressive vocabulary development of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old preschool children living in economically disadvantaged communities. Children and teachers in four Head Start classrooms participated in the quasi-experimental study, which included an 8-week intervention in which the children interacted with one of two types of apps: one classroom used four scaffolding-like vocabulary apps for an average of 1.8 h per day (n?=?16) and one classroom used four open-ended vocabulary apps for an average of 1.3 h per day (n?=?15). Two classrooms served as comparison groups (n?=?18; n?=?14) which used apps that were chosen by the Head Start program with no specific instructional method for approximately 1 h per day. Children’s vocabulary was assessed pre- and post-intervention using the PPVT-4, the EVT-2, and iPad Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Assessments. Using a repeated measures analysis of variance with split plot analysis, children who used scaffolding-like vocabulary apps performed statistically significantly higher on the PPVT-4 than children who used open-ended vocabulary apps. There were no significant differences between groups on the EVT-2. The study contributed to the literature on teacher instruction of utilizing scaffolding-like apps to increase preschool vocabulary knowledge.  相似文献   

Understanding problem solving behavior of 6–8 graders in a debugging game     

Zhongxiu Liu  Rui Zhi  Andrew Hicks  Tiffany Barnes 《Computer Science Education》2017,27(1):1-29

Debugging is an over-looked component in K-12 computational thinking education. Few K-12 programming environments are designed to teach debugging, and most debugging research were conducted on college-aged students. In this paper, we presented debugging exercises to 6th–8th grade students and analyzed their problem solving behaviors in a programming game – BOTS. Apart from the perspective of prior literature, we identified student behaviors in relation to problem solving stages, and correlated these behaviors with student prior programming experience and performance. We found that in our programming game, debugging required deeper understanding than writing new codes. We also found that problem solving behaviors were significantly correlated with students’ self-explanation quality, number of code edits, and prior programming experience. This study increased our understanding of younger students’ problem solving behavior, and provided actionable suggestions to the future design of debugging exercises in BOTS and similar environments.  相似文献   

“Those Who Can,Teach” ‐ The Pivotal Role of the Teacher in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Learning Environment     

Cher Ping Lim  Sally Barnes 《Learning, Media and Technology》2002,27(1-2):19-40

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Simplifying Algebraic Expressions: Teacher Awareness and Teaching Approaches     

Dina Tirosh  Ruhama Even  Naomi Robinson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1998,35(1):51-64

This study investigates four seventh-grade teachers' awareness of students' tendency to conjoin or 'finish' open expressions. It also investigates teachers' ways of coping with this tendency. Three types of data were collected: 1) lesson plans, 2) lesson observations, and 3) post-lesson interviews. The analysis showed that the two experienced teachers were aware of this tendency and some of its possible sources, while the novices were unaware of either. Teaching approaches related to this tendency also differed considerably. In conclusion we analyze these teaching methods in light of the existing literature and discuss possible short- and long-term implications of the use of each approach.  相似文献   

Investigating Student Perceptions of a Dissection-Based Undergraduate Gross Anatomy Course Using Q Methodology     

Jessica N. Byram  Jason M. Organ  Michael Yard  Naomi A. Schmalz 《Anatomical sciences education》2020,13(2):149-157

The demand for upper-level undergraduate dissection-based anatomy courses is growing, as professional programs require more advanced anatomy training prior to matriculation. To address this need, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) partnered with Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis—a large, urban, life science-focused campus nearby to IUSM—to offer an undergraduate, dissection-based course in regional gross anatomy. Because this is a new course, a deeper post-course evaluation of student perceptions was conducted using Q methodology. In this study, Q methodology was used to evaluate student views of the overall course structure, pre-laboratory materials and activities, assessments, and quality of instruction. Of the 15 students in the spring semester 2018 cohort, 80% (n = 12) participated in the evaluation, and 10 of those students followed up with written explanations for their rationale in selecting the four statements with which they most strongly agreed and disagreed. The Q methodology sorted the students into one of three statistically significant groups: Motivated Dissectors (n = 6), Traditional Students (n = 3), and Inspired Learners (n = 3). Motivated Dissectors and Inspired Learners felt strongly that the course did not encourage self-directed learning and that the pre-laboratory materials were not adequate to prepare them for quizzes. Traditional Students, however, disagreed, having a favorable opinion of the pre-laboratory materials, even though this group felt most strongly that the amount of material covered in the course was overwhelming. This study demonstrates the utility of Q methodology to evaluate courses to elucidate student perspectives and inform future course modifications.  相似文献   

Motion analysis of match-play in elite U12 to U16 age-group soccer players     

Harley JA  Barnes CA  Portas M  Lovell R  Barrett S  Paul D  Weston M 《Journal of sports sciences》2010,28(13):1391-1397

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Learning from Harold     

Douglas Barnes 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2009,16(3):355-356

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