Working memory resources and children's reading comprehension   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Seigneuric  Alix  Ehrlich  Marie-France  Oakhill  Jane V.  Yuill  Nicola M. 《Reading and writing》2000,13(1-2):81-103

Reading and Writing - Working memory capacity is described as a pool of limited resources that carry out processing and storage functions. Its role has been emphasised in adults' reading...  相似文献   

Contralateral limb deficit after ACL-reconstruction: an analysis of early and late phase of rate of force development     

Dragan M. Mirkov  Olivera M. Knezevic  Nicola A. Maffiuletti  Marko Kadija  Aleksandar Nedeljkovic  Slobodan Jaric 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(5):435-440

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) on maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and explosive strength of both the involved limb and the uninvolved limb. Nineteen male athletes completed a standard isometric testing protocol 4 months post-ACLR, while 16 healthy participants served as a control group (CG). The explosive strength of the knee extensors and flexors was assessed as RFD obtained from the slope of the force–time curves over various time intervals. Both muscle groups of the involved limb had significantly lower MVC compared to the uninvolved. The involved limb also had significantly lower RFD in the late phase of contraction (140–250 ms) for both knee extensors and flexors (P < 0.05). There was no difference in MVC between the uninvolved limb and the CG. However, RFD of the uninvolved limb was lower compared to CG for both knee extensors (0–180 ms; P < 0.01) and flexors (0–150 ms; P < 0.05). ACLR leads to lower MVC and explosive strength of the involved limb. As a consequence of potential crossover (presumably neural-mediated) effects, explosive strength deficits could be bilateral, particularly in the early phase of the contraction (<100 ms).  相似文献   

The impact of badminton on health markers in untrained females     

Stephen Patterson  John Pattison  Hayley Legg  Ann-Marie Gibson  Nicola Brown 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(11):1098-1106

The purpose of the study was to examine the health effects of 8 weeks of recreational badminton in untrained women. Participants were matched for maximal oxygen uptake (V?O_2max) and body fat percentage and assigned to either a badminton (n = 14), running (n = 14) or control group (n = 8). Assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention with physiological, anthropometric, motivation to exercise and physical self-esteem data collected. Post-intervention, V?O_2max increased (P < 0.05) by 16% and 14% in the badminton and running groups, respectively, and time to exhaustion increased (P < 0.05) by 19% for both interventions. Maximal power output was increased (P < 0.05) by 13% in the badminton group only. Blood pressure, resting heart rate and heart rate during submaximal running were lower (P < 0.05) in both interventions. Perceptions of physical conditioning increased (P < 0.05) in both interventions. There were increases (P < 0.05) in enjoyment and ill health motives in the running group only, whilst affiliation motives were higher (P < 0.05) for the badminton group only. Findings suggest that badminton should be considered a strategy to improving the health and well-being of untrained females who are currently not meeting physical activity guidelines.  相似文献   

On site consolidation of burnt and partially charred wood in dry conditions     

Benedetto Pizzo  Giorgio Garabelli  Michelangelo Varetto  Luca Emilio Brancati  Marina Locandieri  Elisa Pecoraro  Nicola Macchioni 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2011,12(1):19

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Handgrip strength and health outcomes: Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies     

Pinar Soysal  Christopher Hurst  Jacopo Demurtas  Joseph Firth  Reuben Howden  Lin Yang  Mark A. Tully  Ai Koyanagi  Petre Cristian Ilie  Guillermo F. Lpez-Snchez  Lukas Schwingshackl  Nicola Veronese  Lee Smith 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(3):290-295

PurposeThe aim of the present study was to assess both the credibility and strength of evidence arising from systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies on handgrip strength and health outcomes.MethodsAn umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies was conducted. We assessed meta-analyses of observational studies based on random-effect summary effect sizes and their p values, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity, small-study effects, and excess significance. We graded the evidence from convincing (Class I) to weak (Class IV).ResultsFrom 504 articles returned in a search of the literature, 8 systematic reviews were included in our review, with a total of 11 outcomes. Overall, nine of the 11 of the outcomes reported nominally significant summary results (p < 0.05), with 4 associations surviving the application of the more stringent p value (p < 10⁻⁶). No outcome presented convincing evidence. Three associations showed Class II evidence (i.e., highly suggestive): (1) higher handgrip values at baseline were associated with a minor reduction in mortality risk in the general population (n = 34 studies; sample size = 1,855,817; relative risk = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.67–0.78), (2) cardiovascular death risk in mixed populations (n = 15 studies; relative risk = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.78–0.91), and (3) incidence of disability (n = 7 studies; relative risk = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.66–0.87).ConclusionThe present results show that handgrip strength is a useful indicator for general health status and specifically for early all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as disability. To further inform intervention strategies, future research is now required to fully understand mechanisms linking handgrip strength scores to these health outcomes.  相似文献   

‘Defnyddiwch y Gymraeg’1: community sport as a vehicle for encouraging the use of the Welsh language     

Lana Evans  Nicola Bolton  Carwyn Jones  Hywel Iorwerth 《Sport in Society》2019,22(6):1115-1129

Abstract

Despite cultural and statutory changes, including significant investment in Welsh medium education, latest census data show a drop in the percentage of Welsh speakers. Moreover there is a concern that many of those who are able to speak Welsh are not using it – the language is not ‘alive’. The Welsh Language Commissioner has identified sport as a space where Welsh can be used, encouraged and promoted. The aim of this study was to investigate whether community sport clubs can provide a space to encourage the use of Welsh. Using qualitative methods we found that strategies to promote Welsh in sports clubs are potentially divisive. The dominant and ‘operational’ language of many community sport clubs is English. Increasing the use of Welsh in these clubs risks excluding non-Welsh speakers, but ignoring the language denies Welsh speakers the opportunity to participate in Welsh.  相似文献   

Playing to Draw [for Design]     

Nicola L. Perren 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2019,38(2):387-397

There is a disconnect for a number of applied design students who utilise drawing from online, published and photographic sources, in the development of design collections. In practice they are engaged with a subject that physically demands the direct use of hands in the making of artefacts, particularly within textile fields. Drawing is at the core of the development of ideas but it is often seen as being different or awkward and can cause anxiety amongst students who may be more focused on the end [designed] result. This article reflects upon the teaching of a drawing class with year two undergraduates on a textiles degree course at a UK university. Rather than relying on that which is readily available (from museums, online content, galleries, archives or trend forecasting sites), students make their own 2D and 3D primary sources from which they develop drawn proposals for textile and surface samples. Does this approach allow fresh visuals, new languages and translations for design to emerge? Will it provide a further level of engagement for those students who already love drawing as well as those who don't (yet)? Data has been drawn from key texts, questionnaires, journals and observations of the work carried out by participating students.  相似文献   

Taking care with attachment disorders and autistic-like traits: the potential significance of cognitive markers     

Richard Melling  Nicola Smethurst 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2017,33(3):264-276

The behaviours associated with the attachment disorders (ADs) appear to overlap substantially with those linked to the autism spectrum (AS). Given the similarities between the two conditions this article urges caution when drawing conclusions concerning the likely aetiology of presenting difficulties in any particular case. Attention is drawn to recent research findings which may prove helpful in alerting psychologists to the presence of additional autistic-like vulnerabilities in children known to have experienced significant attachment-related trauma. The potential implications for practice are discussed.  相似文献   

Beating anxiety: what young people on the autism spectrum need to know     

Nicola Lawrence 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2018,34(3)

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Anthropometry and performance characteristics of recreational advanced to elite female rock climbers     

David Giles  Kimberly Barnes  Nicola Taylor  Corinna Chidley  Joel Chidley  James Mitchell 《Journal of sports sciences》2021,39(1):48-56

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