Nonverbal Executive Function is Mediated by Language: A Study of Deaf and Hearing Children          下载免费PDF全文

Nicola Botting  Anna Jones  Chloe Marshall  Tanya Denmark  Joanna Atkinson  Gary Morgan 《Child development》2017,88(5):1689-1700

Studies have suggested that language and executive function (EF) are strongly associated. Indeed, the two are difficult to separate, and it is particularly difficult to determine whether one skill is more dependent on the other. Deafness provides a unique opportunity to disentangle these skills because in this case, language difficulties have a sensory not cognitive basis. In this study, deaf (n = 108) and hearing (n = 125) children (age 8 years) were assessed on language and a wide range of nonverbal EF tasks. Deaf children performed significantly less well on EF tasks, even controlling for nonverbal intelligence and speed of processing. Language mediated EF skill, but the reverse pattern was not evident. Findings suggest that language is key to EF performance rather than vice versa.  相似文献   

Technology integration for young children during COVID-19: Towards future online teaching     

Xinyun Hu  Ming Ming Chiu  Wai Man Vivienne Leung  Nicola Yelland 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2021,52(4):1513-1537

  相似文献   

Do Belonging and Social Exclusion at School Affect Structural Brain Development During Adolescence?     

Diana Raufelder  Nicola Neumann  Martin Domin  Robert C. Lorenz  Tobias Gleich  Sabrina Golde  Lydia Romund  Anne Beck  Frances Hoferichter 《Child development》2021,92(6):2213-2223

Students’ sense of belonging presents an essential resource for academic and health outcomes, whereas social exclusion at school negatively impacts students’ well-being and academic performance. Aiming to understand how feelings of school-related belonging and exclusion shape the structural brain development, this study applied longitudinal questionnaire-based data and MRI data from 71 adolescent students (37 females, M_age at t1 = 15.0; t2 = 16.1 years). All were white participants from Germany. Voxel-based morphometry revealed only an association of social exclusion (and not of belonging) and gray matter volume in the left anterior insula: From t1 to t2, there was less gray matter decrease, the more social exclusion students perceived. School-related social exclusion and disturbed neurodevelopment are thus significantly associated.  相似文献   

Expansion of higher education and inequality of opportunities: a cross-national analysis     

Ye Liu  Andy Green  Nicola Pensiero 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2016,38(3):242-263

  相似文献   

Occupational values and employment: A follow-up study of graduate men and women     

Nicola Cherry 《Higher Education》1975,4(3):357-368

Undergraduate job values have been reported as reflecting both the sex and social origins of the student. The present study assesses whether such differences are of any occupational significance. Ratings on 30 job attributes were collected from 310 final year undergraduates at universities and colleges throughout Britain. The four factors extracted from these ratings were then related to the job held at 26 years. Although the proportions of men and women differed between jobs, this difference was adequately explained by the job values reported by the students before graduation. There was no evidence that women had different values (at college) than men who were, at 26, to do a similar type of job. The origins of sex and social class differences in students' values are explored and it is concluded that there is a need for a new approach to careers education for the highly intelligent student of limited aspiration.  相似文献   

Trapped between justified anger and being the strong Black woman: Black college women coping with racial battle fatigue at historically and predominantly White institutions     

Nicola A. Corbin  William A. Smith  J. Roberto Garcia 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2018,31(7):626-643

Using the unique form of a composite counterstory culled from the experiences of 13 Black women at historically and predominantly White colleges and universities in a Western U.S. state, this paper explores the psychological tensions and silencing Black college women face as they navigate social constructions of their selfhood under a White gaze. This study centers these Black women’s voices through a tradition of storytelling and examines the ways they try to carve their own place by often engaging liberating, yet repressive, historically constructed STRONGBLACKWOMAN imagery to counteract equally silencing Angry Black Woman imagery. The historically and predominantly White institutional spaces within which these women study, live, and play exacerbate this tension, propelling them to model and rely upon stereotypically ‘positive’ representations of Black womanhood to deal with the pain of microaggressions. Altogether, these factors create instances of enhanced racial battle fatigue.  相似文献   

Health sciences librarians' research on medical students' use of information for their studies at the medical school, University of Queensland, Australia     

Lasserre KE  Foxlee N  Kruesi L  Walters J 《Medical reference services quarterly》2011,30(2):141-157

This study reports the findings of research undertaken by health sciences librarians at the University of Queensland Library into how medical students use information for their studies, particularly resources and services provided by the Library. The methods utilized were an online survey and focus groups. Results indicated that students favor print resources over electronic, value accessing resources on a one-stop basis, and prefer training to be delivered flexibly. The implication of these results for future resource selection, service provision, and instructional design and delivery is discussed.  相似文献   

War-related trauma linked to increased sustained attention to threat in children     

Julia Michalek  Matteo Lisi  Nicola Binetti  Sumeyye Ozkaya  Kristin Hadfield  Rana Dajani  Isabelle Mareschal 《Child development》2022,93(4):900-909

Experiences of war and displacement can have profound effects on children's affective development and mental health, although the mechanism(s) underlying these effects remain unknown. This study investigated the link between early adversity and attention to affective stimuli using a free-viewing eye-tracking paradigm with Syrian refugee (n = 31, M_age = 9.55, 12 female) and Jordanian non-refugee (n = 55, M_age = 9.98, 30 female) children living in Jordan (March 2020). Questionnaires assessed PTSD, anxiety/depression, insecurity, distress, and trauma. Refugee children showed greater initial avoidance of angry and happy faces compared to non-refugee children, and higher trauma exposure was linked to increased sustained attention to angry stimuli. These findings suggest that war-related trauma may have differential effects on the early and later stages of affective processing in refugee children.  相似文献   

Does self-determination predict the school engagement of four different motivation types in adolescence?     

Diana Raufelder  Nicola Regner  Kate Drury  Michael Eid 《教育心理学》2016,36(7):1242-1263

In order to enhance our understanding of inter-individual differences in scholastic motivation, this study examined if self-determination predicts the school engagement of four different motivation types (MT) in a large sample of adolescent students (N = 1088) from Brandenburg, Germany: (1) peer-dependent MT, (2) teacher-dependent MT, (3) peer-and-teacher-dependent MT and (4) peer-and-teacher-independent MT. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), the four types were first compared on latent variables (perceived self-determination and school engagement) and then, a latent multigroup SEM was conducted to test whether self-determination (competence, relatedness and autonomy) would predict emotional and behavioural school engagement separately by MT. The findings underscore the relevance of the typology as well as important inter-individual differences in the association between students’ psychological needs (competence, relatedness and autonomy) and their school engagement.  相似文献   

Science Letters: Vascular architecture: is it a helpful histopathological biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma?     

GRIZZI Fabio  FRANCESCHINI Barbara  FIAMENGO Barbara  RUSSO Carlo  DIOGUARDI Nicola 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(4)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the major public health problems throughout the world. Although originally associated with tumorigenic processes, liver angiogenesis has also been observed in the context of different liver inflammatory, fibrotic, and ischemic conditions. Here we investigate the fractal dimension as a quantitator of non-Euclidean two-dimensional vascular geometry in a series of paired specimens of primary HCC and surrounding non-tumoral tissue, and discuss why this parameter might provide additional information regarding cancer behavior. The application of fractal geometry to the measurement of liver vascularity and the availability of a computer-aided quantitative method can eliminate errors in visual interpretation, and make it possible to obtain closer-to-reality numerals that are compulsory for any measurement process.  相似文献