Observed classroom quality profiles in state-funded pre-kindergarten programs and associations with teacher,program, and classroom characteristics   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jennifer LoCasale-Crouch  Tim Konold  Robert Pianta  Carollee Howes  Margaret Burchinal  Donna Bryant  Richard Clifford  Diane Early  Oscar Barbarin 《Early childhood research quarterly》2007

In the past decade in the United States, pre-kindergarten programs for four year olds have expanded rapidly as a potentially powerful intervention intended to promote school readiness for children at-risk for future school failure. This paper describes in detail multi-dimensional profiles of observed quality across 692 classrooms in 11 states representing 80% of these available programs and examines teacher, program, and classroom characteristics associated in these profiles. Cluster analysis enabled the detection of patterns that fit profiles of high and low overall emotional and instructional support along with “mid-range” patterns in which emotional support is somewhat higher than instructional support. Associations between teacher characteristics and program characteristics were generally not significant. However, the poorest quality profile was associated with classroom poverty level, suggesting that the children who need the highest quality educational experiences have teachers who are struggling the most to provide it.  相似文献   

Erratum to “Ready to learn? Children's pre-academic achievement in pre-Kindergarten programs” [Early Childhood Research Quarterly 23 (2008) 27–50]     

Carollee Howes  Margaret Burchinal  Robert Pianta  Donna Bryant  Diane Early  Richard Clifford  Oscar Barbarin 《Early childhood research quarterly》2008

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Measures of classroom quality in prekindergarten and children's development of academic, language, and social skills   总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33  

Mashburn AJ  Pianta RC  Hamre BK  Downer JT  Barbarin OA  Bryant D  Burchinal M  Early DM  Howes C 《Child development》2008,79(3):732-749

This study examined development of academic, language, and social skills among 4-year-olds in publicly supported prekindergarten (pre-K) programs in relation to 3 methods of measuring pre-K quality, which are as follows: (a) adherence to 9 standards of quality related to program infrastructure and design, (b) observations of the overall quality of classroom environments, and (c) observations of teachers' emotional and instructional interactions with children in classrooms. Participants were 2,439 children enrolled in 671 pre-K classrooms in 11 states. Adjusting for prior skill levels, child and family characteristics, program characteristics, and state, teachers' instructional interactions predicted academic and language skills and teachers' emotional interactions predicted teacher-reported social skills. Findings suggest that policies, program development, and professional development efforts that improve teacher–child interactions can facilitate children's school readiness.  相似文献   

Three global conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: an implementation framework     

Harvey Locke  Erle C Ellis  Oscar Venter  Richard Schuster  Keping Ma  Xiaoli Shen  Stephen Woodley  Naomi Kingston  Nina Bhola  Bernardo B N Strassburg  Axel Paulsch  Brooke Williams  James E M Watson 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(6):1080

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Higher socioeconomic status is related to healthier levels of fatness and fitness already at 3 to 5 years of age: The PREFIT project     

Ignacio Merino-De Haro  Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez  Pere A. Borras  Pedro J. Benito  Oscar Chiva-Bartoll 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(12):1327-1337

This study aimed to analyse the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and fatness and fitness in preschoolers. 2,638 preschoolers (3–5 years old; 47.2% girls) participated. SES was estimated from the parental educational and occupational levels, and the marital status. Fatness was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Physical fitness components were assessed using the PREFIT battery. Preschoolers whose parents had higher educational levels had lower fatness (P < 0.05). BMI significantly differed across occupational levels of each parent (P < 0.05) and WHtR across paternal levels (P = 0.004). Musculoskeletal fitness was different across any SES factor (P < 0.05), except handgrip across paternal occupational levels (P ≥ 0.05). Preschoolers with high paternal occupation had higher speed/agility (P = 0.005), and those with high or low maternal education had higher VO₂max (P = 0.046). Odds of being obese and having low musculoskeletal fitness was lower as SES was higher (P < 0.05). Those with married parents had higher cardiorespiratory fitness than single-parent ones (P = 0.010). School-based interventions should be aware of that children with low SES are at a higher risk of obesity and low fitness already in the first years of life.  相似文献   

Environmental correlates of total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour in young people. The UP&DOWN study     

Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez  Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez  Laura García-Cervantes  José Castro-Piñero  Julio Conde-Caveda  Oscar L. Veiga 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):696-706

This study investigated the associations between the characteristics of the nearby physical environment with the total and domain-specific leisure-time sedentary behaviour (SB) in young people. The study included 1578 youth (9–18 years) from the UP&DOWN study. Total leisure-time SB was objectively-assessed by accelerometers. Participants self-reported the time spent during leisure-time in different domains of SB (i.e. screen-based, educational-based, social-based, and other-based SB). Information regarding the basic characteristics of the house, the perceived neighbourhood environment, the amount of physical activity facilities, equipment and materials attainable at home, and the media equipment available at home and in the own bedroom was collected. Linear mixed models were performed, including school and city as random effects. The availability of yard was related to lower total SB and time spent surfing the Internet in boys, but not in girls. More favourable perceived neighbourhood environment was associated with lower total SB and time spent playing video games in girls, but not in boys. The amount of physical activity materials at home was negatively associated with screen-based SB, while the availability of a computer in the own bedroom was positively related to the time spent surfing the Internet in boys and girls. The number of televisions at home and having a computer in the own bedroom was associated with lower time in educational-based SB in boys and girls, respectively. Increasing the number of PA materials at home and decreasing the number of TVs at home and the availability of a computer in the bedroom could improve SB profiles of youth.  相似文献   

Social correlates of sedentary behavior in young people:The UP&DOWN study     

Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez  Laura Garcia-Cervantes  Laura Esteban-Gonzalo  Maria Jose Girela-Rejon  Jose Castro-Pinero  Oscar L.Veiga 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(2):189-196

Purpose:The aim of the present study was to analyze the associations of youths' sedentary behavior(SB) with parents' and siblings' SB and physical activity(PA),as well as the associations of youths' coparticipation with parents,siblings,and friends in PA and SB with youths' SB.Methods:The sample consisted of 1543 youths(12.02±2.51 years;788 boys) enrolled in the baseline cohort of the UP&DOWN study.SB was assessed by accelerometry and questionnaire.Participants reported the time spent by their parents and siblings watching television,playing videogames,surfing the Internet,sitting/resting,and doing PA.Further,participants reported coparticipation with parents,siblings,and friends in these activities.Linear mixed models,including school and city as random effects,were performed.Results:Parents' television time was positively associated with youths' screen-based SB.Coparticipation with friends in playing videogames(in boys) and in surfing the Internet(in girls) showed a positive association with screen-based SB and a negative association with educational-based SB.Moreover,coparticipation with siblings and friends in PA was inversely associated with accelerometer-based SB in boys and girls.Conclusion:Our results emphasize the important role of social modeling in the development of sedentary lifestyles in youths.Interventions aimed at reducing health risk behaviors in youths could be more effective if they are oriented from a social perspective that involves their families and networks of their closest friends.  相似文献   

The characterization of commercial artists’ alkyd paints     

Rebecca Ploeger  Dominique Scalarone  Oscar Chiantore   《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2008,9(4):412-419

There is little information in the conservation literature with respect to artists’ alkyd paints; thus, artists and conservators are somewhat at a loss about how to use and treat alkyds. Recently, analytical methods have been developed to identify the components in these polymers (oil modified polyesters), rates of cross-linking and mechanical properties. Presented in this paper are some of the characterization results of artists’ alkyd paints using THM (thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation) gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (THM–GC/MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR). Four brands of artists’ alkyd paints containing alkyd resin have been analysed; one containing a phthalic anhydride and pentaerythritol based alkyd resin, two containing isophthalic acid and pentaerythritol based alkyd resins, and the final one containing both phthalic anhydride and isophthalic acid and pentaerythritol based resins among the colours studied.  相似文献   

Magnetic concentration of flue dust of the Birmingham district     

Oscar Lee  B.W. Gandrud  F.D. DeVaney 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1926,202(2):249-250

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The Importance of Thinking Multivariately When Setting Subscale Cutoff Scores     

Edward Kroc  Oscar L. Olvera Astivia 《Educational and psychological measurement》2022,82(3):517

Setting cutoff scores is one of the most common practices when using scales to aid in classification purposes. This process is usually done univariately where each optimal cutoff value is decided sequentially, subscale by subscale. While it is widely known that this process necessarily reduces the probability of “passing” such a test, what is not properly recognized is that such a test loses power to meaningfully discriminate between target groups with each new subscale that is introduced. We quantify and describe this property via an analytical exposition highlighting the counterintuitive geometry implied by marginal threshold-setting in multiple dimensions. Recommendations are presented that encourage applied researchers to think jointly, rather than marginally, when setting cutoff scores to ensure an informative test.  相似文献