The application of artificial intelligence principles to teaching and training*     

Keith Shaw 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2008,39(2):319-323

This paper compares and contrasts the use of AI principles in industrial training with more normal computer‐based training (CBT) approaches. A number of applications of CBT are illustrated (for example simulations, tutorial presentations, fault diagnosis, management games, industrial relations exercises) and compared with an alternative approach using AI. An evaluation of the relative merits of the two approaches will be given. Existing CBT packages are used to illustrate the points raised and the emphasis of the arguments will be on the effectiveness of AI and CBT in terms of both cost and learning. The position of AI applications within CBT is discussed, as is the task of getting started in applying these techniques.  相似文献   

Observations and inquiries respecting the materials employed in the fabrication of detonating powder     

Joshua Shaw 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1830,10(2):108-109

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Specification of a patent for a portable cannon lock. Granted to Joshua Shaw,city of Philadelphia,December 3, 1832     

Joshua Shaw 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1833,15(6):393-400

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Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse     

Ana Flavia Azevedo Carvalho  Pedro de Oliva Neto  Paula Zaghetto de Almeida  Juliana Bueno da Silva  Bruna Escaramboni  Glaucia Maria Pastore 《Food Technology and Biotechnology》2015,53(4):428-435

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Core Competencies to the Rescue: Taking Stock and Protecting Institutional Knowledge     

Paula Sullenger  Shade Aladebumoye  Nadine Ellero  Susan Wishnetsky 《期刊图书馆员》2015,68(1-4):223-229

What happens when the only staff member who knows how to do a particular task is no longer available? Using NASIG’s Core Competencies for Electronic Resources Librarians, the Electronic Resources and Serials Department of Auburn University set out to tackle the problem of the indispensable staff person, and discovered that expertise is never fully achieved, and competence is always a work in progress.  相似文献   

Empowerment or impediment? School governance in the school-based management era in Hong Kong     

Paula Kwan  Benjamin Yuet-man Li 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2015,35(3):319-330

Following the international trend in education towards democracy and decentralization, the Hong Kong government introduced a school-based management (SBM) system about two decades ago. It is widely recognized in the literature that decentralization, empowering school level management and marginalizing the influence of the intermediate level of governance, can result in better deployment of school resources and better meet the demands of various stakeholders. However, in the unique historical and cultural context of Hong Kong, the advantages of decentralization claimed in the literature have yet to be fully realized. This paper discusses the contextual factors affecting the implementation of SBM in Hong Kong, and examines their impact on four major stakeholders, namely the government, the principals, the teachers, and the parents in the wake of reform.  相似文献   

Reducing Risk for Substance Use by Economically Disadvantaged Young Men: Positive Family Environments and Pathways to Educational Attainment          下载免费PDF全文

Monica J. Martin  Rand D. Conger  Stephanie L. Sitnick  April S. Masarik  Erika E. Forbes  Daniel S. Shaw 《Child development》2015,86(6):1719-1737

Using prospective, longitudinal data spanning 10 years (age = 10–20) from a study of 295 economically disadvantaged males, the current investigation evaluated a developmental model that links early family environment and later educational aspirations, extracurricular activities, and educational attainment to substance use in early adulthood. The results indicate that a positive family environment during adolescence (low family conflict, high family warmth, and effective child management) predicted educational involvements during adolescence that promoted educational attainment during early adulthood. Finally, higher levels of educational attainment were associated with less substance use in early adulthood, even after controlling for adolescent substance use. These findings suggest that positive parenting promotes educational achievements that increase resilience to substance use for economically disadvantaged males.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Applying cognitive science principles to improve retention of science vocabulary     

Rebecca Shore  Jenna Ray  Paula Goolkasian 《Learning Environments Research》2015,18(2):313-313

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Early manifestations of intellectual performance: Evidence that genetic effects on later academic test performance are mediated through verbal performance in early childhood     

Chloe Austerberry  Pasco Fearon  Angelica Ronald  Leslie D. Leve  Jody M. Ganiban  Misaki N. Natsuaki  Daniel S. Shaw  Jenae M. Neiderhiser  David Reiss 《Child development》2022,93(2):e188-e206

Intellectual performance is highly heritable and robustly predicts lifelong health and success but the earliest manifestations of genetic effects on this asset are not well understood. This study examined whether early executive function (EF) or verbal performance mediate genetic influences on subsequent intellectual performance, in 561 U.S.-based adoptees (57% male) and their birth and adoptive parents (70% and 92% White, 13% and 4% African American, 7% and 2% Latinx, respectively), administered measures in 2003–2017. Genetic influences on children's academic performance at 7 years were mediated by verbal performance at 4.5 years (β = .22, 95% CI [0.08, 0.35], p = .002) and not via EF, indicating that verbal performance is an early manifestation of genetic propensity for intellectual performance.  相似文献   

Developmental trajectories of behavioral inhibition from infancy to age seven: The role of genetic and environmental risk for psychopathology     

Berenice Anaya  Jenae M. Neiderhiser  Koraly Pérez-Edgar  Leslie D. Leve  Jody M. Ganiban  David Reiss  Misaki N. Natsuaki  Daniel S. Shaw 《Child development》2023,94(4):e231-e245

The present study leveraged data from a longitudinal adoption study of 361 families recruited between 2003 and 2010 in the United States. We investigated how psychopathology symptoms in birth parents (BP; M_age = 24.1 years; 50.5–62.9% completed high school) and adoptive parents (AP; M_age = 37.8 years; 80.9% completed college; 94% mother–father couples) influenced children's behavioral inhibition (BI) trajectories. We used latent growth models of observed BI at 18 and 27 months, and 4.5 and 7 years in a sample of adopted children (Female = 42%, White = 57%, Black = 11%, Multi-racial = 21%, Latinx = 9%). BI generally decreased over time, yet there was substantial variability in these trajectories. Neither BP nor AP psychopathology symptoms independently predicted systematic differences in BI trajectories. Instead, we found that AP internalizing symptoms moderated the effects of BP psychopathology on trajectories of BI, indicating a gene by environment interaction.  相似文献