Initiating running barefoot: Effects on muscle activation and impact accelerations in habitually rearfoot shod runners     

Angel Gabriel Lucas-Cuevas  José Ignacio Priego Quesada  José Vicente Giménez  Inma Aparicio  Irene Jimenez-Perez  Pedro Pérez-Soriano 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1145-1152

Runners tend to shift from a rearfoot to a forefoot strike pattern when running barefoot. However, it is unclear how the first attempts at running barefoot affect habitually rearfoot shod runners. Due to the inconsistency of their recently adopted barefoot technique, a number of new barefoot-related running injuries are emerging among novice barefoot runners. The aim of this study was therefore to analyse the influence of three running conditions (natural barefoot [BF], barefoot with a forced rearfoot strike [BRS], and shod [SH]) on muscle activity and impact accelerations in habitually rearfoot shod runners. Twenty-two participants ran at 60% of their maximal aerobic speed while foot strike, tibial and head impact accelerations, and tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) muscle activity were registered. Only 68% of the runners adopted a non-rearfoot strike pattern during BF. Running BF led to a reduction of TA activity as well as to an increase of GL and GM activity compared to BRS and SH. Furthermore, BRS increased tibial peak acceleration, tibial magnitude and tibial acceleration rate compared to SH and BF. In conclusion, 32% of our runners showed a rearfoot strike pattern at the first attempts at running barefoot, which corresponds to a running style (BRS) that led to increased muscle activation and impact accelerations and thereby to a potentially higher risk of injury compared to running shod.  相似文献   

Reliability and validity of Yo-Yo tests in 9- to 16-year-old football players and matched non-sports active schoolboys     

Susana C. A. Póvoas  Carlo Castagna  José M. C. Soares  Pedro M. R. Silva  Mariana V. M. F. Lopes 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(7):755-763

The purpose of this study was to examine the test–retest reliability and construct validity of three age-adapted Yo-Yo intermittent tests in football players aged 9–16 years (n?=?70) and in age-matched non-sports active boys (n?=?72). Within 7 days, each participant performed two repetitions of an age-related intensity-adapted Yo-Yo intermittent test, i.e. the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 children's test for 9- to 11-year-olds; the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1 for 12- to 13-year-olds and the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 2 test for 14- to 16-year-olds. Peak heart rate (HR_peak) was determined for all tests. The distance covered in the tests was 57% (1098?±?680 vs. 700?±?272?m), 119% (2325?±?778 vs. 1062?±?285?m) and 238% (1743?±?460 vs. 515?±?113?m) higher (p?≤?.016), respectively for football-trained than for non-sports active boys aged 9–11, 12–13 and 14–16 years. The typical errors of measurement for Yo-Yo distance, expressed as a percentage of the coefficient of variation (confidence interval), were 11.1% (9.0–14.7%), 10.1% (8.1–13.7%) and 8.5% (6.7–11.7%) for football players aged 9–11, 12–13 and 14–16 years, respectively, with corresponding values of 9.3% (7.4–12.8%), 10.2% (8.1–14.0%) and 8.5% (6.8–11.3%) for non-sports active boys. Intraclass correlation coefficient values for test–retest were excellent in both groups (range: 0.844–0.981). Relative HR_peak did not differ significantly between the groups in test and retest. In conclusion, Yo-Yo intermittent test performances and HR_peak are reliable for 9- to 16-year-old footballers and non-sports active boys. Additionally, performances of the three Yo-Yo tests were seemingly better for football-trained than for non-sports active boys, providing evidence of construct validity.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">WGL</Emphasis>, a web laboratory for geometry     

Pedro Quaresma  Vanda Santos  Milena Marić 《Education and Information Technologies》2018,23(1):237-252

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Beyond Formal Education: learning–by–doing, ICT adoption and the competitiveness of a traditional Portuguese sector     

Roberto Carneiro  & Pedro Conceiçã 《European Journal of Education》2002,37(3):263-280

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Political upheaval,cultural assimilation and the origin of counseling needs     

Pedro R. Portes 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1990,13(1):11-18

At the front lines of counseling services may appear new ethnic groups whose background and view of the world contrast markedly with ours. Where actual disorders or manifestations of maladjustment are evidenced, there probably lies evidence of universal principles, that if recognized by the trans-multicultural counselor, can help the client even in difficult circumstances. In the present case, the dysfunctional behavior pattern that led to referral was understood as a signal of desperation by a confused, frustrated individual with a prior history of social maladjustment. The stress induced by political upheaval, and the uncertainty of Miguel's life situation seem to have triggered the observed maladjustment.Paper presented at the 1985 International Round Table for the Advancement of Counselling, Utrecht, The Netherlands.  相似文献   

Middle School Engagement with Mathematics Software and Later Interest and Self-Efficacy for STEM Careers     

Ocumpaugh  Jaclyn  San Pedro  Maria Ofelia  Lai  Huei-yi  Baker  Ryan S.  Borgen  Fred 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2016,25(6):877-887

Research suggests that trajectories toward careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) emerge early and are influenced by multiple factors. This paper presents a longitudinal study, which uses data from 76 high school students to explore how a student’s vocational self-efficacy and interest are related to his or her middle school behavioral and affective engagement. Measures of vocational self-efficacy and interest are drawn from STEM-related scales in CAPAExplore, while measures of middle school performance and engagement in mathematics are drawn from several previously validated automated indicators extracted from logs of student interaction with ASSISTments, an online learning platform. Results indicate that vocational self-efficacy correlates negatively with confusion, but positively with engaged concentration and carelessness. Interest, which also correlates negatively with confusion, correlates positively with correctness and carelessness. Other disengaged behaviors, such as gaming the system, were not correlated with vocational self-efficacy or interest, despite previous studies indicating that they are associated with future college attendance. We discuss implications for these findings, which have the potential to assist educators or counselors in developing strategies to sustain students’ interest in STEM-related careers.

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The new secondary school curriculum in the Philippines     

Pedro Orata 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1959,5(1):115-117

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Regulation as both enabler of technology use and global competitive tool: The Gibraltar case     

Hans Jochen Scholl  Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar 《Government Information Quarterly》2019,36(3):601-613

Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) such as Blockchain appear to have disruptive economic potential to traditional finance-sector and non-financial markets as the success of crypto currencies demonstrates. While traditional financial and securities markets are highly regulated, DLT transactions and exchanges have so far widely remained unregulated, which potentially poses major threats to individual investors and, via money laundering, terrorist financing, and tax evasion, to society at large. Governments have been taking different approaches to monitoring and regulating the fledgling DLT provision arena. However, the small jurisdiction of Gibraltar, an affluent self-governed and self-financed British overseas territory with a population of 34,000 at the Southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula has taken a proactive approach. What makes this case stand out is that Gibraltar is not only is the first jurisdiction worldwide to regulate general DLT provision, but it is rather using the regulation as a competitive tool and a means for creating new public value. The study inquires the potential benefits and challenges to this particular approach to DLT provision regulation, and it investigates and presents the various facets of public value generation, which might serve as a poster child for fast and smart regulation in the digital age.  相似文献   

Analyzing false memories in children with associative lists specific for their age     

Carneiro P  Albuquerque P  Fernandez A  Esteves F 《Child development》2007,78(4):1171-1185

Two experiments attempted to resolve previous contradictory findings concerning developmental trends in false memories within the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm by using an improved methodology--constructing age-appropriate associative lists. The research also extended the DRM paradigm to preschoolers. Experiment 1 (N=320) included children in three age groups (preschoolers of 3-4 years, second-graders of 7-8 years, and preadolescents of 11-12 years) and adults, and Experiment 2 (N=64) examined preschoolers and preadolescents. Age-appropriate lists increased false recall. Although preschoolers had fewer false memories than the other age groups, they showed considerable levels of false recall when tested with age-appropriate materials. Results were discussed in terms of fuzzy-trace, source-monitoring, and activation frameworks.  相似文献   

A sense of place in the science classroom     

Pedro Membiela  Mercedes Suárez Pazos 《Educational studies》2011,37(3):361-364

Place‐based science education engages with the laboratories of complex reality where natural processes combine with social practice, going beyond the physical world, to encompass the meanings and sense of attachment local residents feel for places. This brief report describes how a university science methods class in a primary teacher training programme situated scientific understandings in the rich cultural context of the historically rural and socio‐economically disadvantaged area of Galicia in north‐western Spain, where agrarian traditions continue to influence local culture. Focusing on student responses to two assignments, this brief report explores how the preparation of lesson plans related to food and environmental investigation projects served to integrate aspects of the natural, social and cultural environment to foster a critical pedagogy of place.  相似文献