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abstract The debate over class sizes in schools has become more heated in recent years. Over the past decade or so, class sizes at primary level have increased, and without action to the contrary look like they will continue to rise. In the face of this, educational pressure groups and others have made increasingly strong recommendations about the need to reduce class sizes in primary schools. Government spokespeople drawing on accepted wisdom about research, say there is no proven link between school class size and pupils’ progress. Yet recent research evidence from the USA, and an accompanying debate over the findings and the use of public funds, have improved our understanding about the effects of class size. This paper examines the most recent documentary and research evidence in an attempt to answer three questions: how have class sizes changed over the past decade, what is known about the link between class size and educational attainment, and what, in terms of classroom processes, might explain the link. It is concluded that there is now firm evidence of a link, but only in the early years and only with classes smaller than 20. The evidence supports the reduction of class sizes in the first years at school, especially with disadvantaged pupils, but much still needs to be researched. 相似文献
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Peter Smetacek 《Resonance》2000,5(8):4-12
In the second part of the series on butterflies, we look at some general aspects of their structure, flight, fuels and senses. 相似文献
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Peter Willett 《Information processing & management》1985,21(3):225-232
Term discrimination values have been suggested as an effective means for the selection and weighting of index terms in automatic document retrieval systems. This paper reports an algorithm for the calculation of term discrimination values that is sufficiently fast in operation to permit the use of exact values, rather than the approximate values studied in previous work. Evidence is presented to show that the relationship between term discrimination and term frequency is crucially dependent upon the type of inter-document similarity measure that is used for the calculation of the discrimination values. 相似文献
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This paper reports on a paper and pencil concept‐sorting strategy that enables trainee teachers to restructure their knowledge in any one domain of science. It is used as a self‐study tool, mainly to enable them to break down and understand the progression of concepts beyond the level at which they have to teach. The strategy involves listing key ideas in an increasingly complex and inclusive fashion such that a ‘chain’ is developed where the initial statements are simple and the final ones more complex. Evaluation of the strategy with trainees over a five‐year period revealed promising potential for the strategy as a self‐study tool, as well as an audit tool, enabling tutors to more easily identify misconceptions. There was some evidence that trainees found the strategy useful in preparing themselves to teach in the classroom, possibly by enabling meaningful learning to take place according to the Ausubel–Novak–Gowin theory. 相似文献
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