The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks     

Phillip Seitz 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2011,54(4):473-475

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Performance effects of acute β-alanine induced paresthesia in competitive cyclists     

Phillip M. Bellinger  Clare L. Minahan 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(1):88-95

β-alanine is a common ingredient in supplements consumed by athletes. Indeed, athletes may believe that the β-alanine induced paresthesia, experienced shortly after ingestion, is associated with its ergogenic effect despite no scientific mechanism supporting this notion. The present study examined changes in cycling performance under conditions of β-alanine induced paresthesia. Eight competitive cyclists (VO_2max = 61.8 ± 4.2 mL·kg·min^?1) performed three practices, one baseline and four experimental trials. The experimental trials comprised a 1-km cycling time trial under four conditions with varying information (i.e., athlete informed β-alanine or placebo) and supplement content (athlete received β-alanine or placebo) delivered to the cyclist: informed β-alanine/received β-alanine, informed placebo/received β-alanine, informed β-alanine/received placebo and informed placebo/received placebo. Questionnaires were undertaken exploring the cyclists’ experience of the effects of the experimental conditions. A possibly likely increase in mean power was associated with conditions in which β-alanine was administered (±95% CL: 2.2% ± 4.0%), but these results were inconclusive for performance enhancement (p = 0.32, effect size = 0.18, smallest worthwhile change = 56% beneficial). A possibly harmful effect was observed when cyclists were correctly informed that they had ingested a placebo (–1.0% ± 1.9%). Questionnaire data suggested that β-alanine ingestion resulted in evident sensory side effects and six cyclists reported placebo effects. Acute ingestion of β-alanine is not associated with improved 1-km TT performance in competitive cyclists. These findings are in contrast to the athlete’s “belief” as cyclists reported improved energy and the ability to sustain a higher power output under conditions of β-alanine induced paresthesia.  相似文献   

Cognitive dissonance and communication theory∗     

Phillip K. Tompkins 《Communication Studies》2013,64(2):90-95

Rhetorical criticism (i.e., textual analysis of speeches) is severely handicapped because speech cannot be adequately represented in writing; even if it could be so represented, it is illogical and presumptuous to study critically oral communication received from an inappropriate medium (printed page) via an inappropriate sensory channel (vision). A hierarchy of research priorities—the criterion for relative worth being the degree to which methodologies extend our knowledge of rhetorical theory—is proposed by the author.  相似文献   

1. CBQ REVIEW ESSAY: Reality Television: Scholarly Treatments Since 2000     

Edwin Emery  Phillip Ault  Warren Agoe  Denis McQuail  Marshall McLuhan  David Manning White 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(1):2-12

Edwin Emery, Phillip Ault and Warren Agoe's Introduction to Mass Communications (Dodd, Moad, $7.95)

Denis McQuail, Towards a Sociology of Mass Communications (Macmillan, paperback at ca.$2.50)

Marshall McLuhan, Culture is Our Business (McGraw-Hill, $10.00)

David Manning White, Pop Culture in America (Quadganglo paperbacks, $2.45)

Mass Culture (Free Press, $2.95)

Theodore Peterson, Jay Jensen and William L. River's The Mass Media and Modern Society (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, now edition to cost $8.95)  相似文献   

Broadcasting     

Lewis J. Paper  Susan J. Douglas  Richard West  John Witherspoon  Roselle Kovitz  Phillip Collins 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(11-12):114-116

EMPIRE: WILLIAM S. PALEY AND THE MAKING OF CBS by Lewis J. Paper (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987—$19.95)

INVENTING AMERICAN BROADCASTING: 1899-1922 by Susan J. Douglas (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987—$29.50)

TELEVISION WESTERNS: MAJOR AND MINOR SERIES, 1946-1978 by Richard West (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1987—$19.95)

THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC BROADCASTING by John Witherspoon and Roselle Kovitz (Current, 2311 18th St. NW, Washington, DC 20009—$7.95, paper)

two illustrated discount books on TV history

RADIOS—THE GOLDEN AGE by Phillip Collins (San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1987—$14.95, paper with a hardback available)

CHILDREN AND TELEVISION: A CHALLENGE FOR EDUCATION edited by Michael Manley-Casimir and Carmen Luke (New York: Praeger, 1987—$39.95)

PRIMETIME: NETWORK TELEVISION PROGRAMMING by Richard A. Blum and Richard D. Lindheim (Stoneham, MA: Focal Press, 1987—$19.95, paper)

three recent television texts from Sage Publications  相似文献   

Critical Reflective Practice as a Pivot in Transforming Science Education: A report of teacher‐researcher collaborative interactions in response to assessment reforms     

Phillip A. Towndrow 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(7):903-922

This paper investigates the impact of a current educational policy initiative in Singapore called ‘Science Practical Assessment’ (SPA). SPA is designed to overcome the limitations of single, high‐stakes examinations by placing emphasis on research processes, entrepreneurship and the development of science practical skills. Structurally, SPA repositions teachers as central in the selection of items to teach and assess during the academic years leading up to O‐level. However, it is contended that the effectiveness of SPA is rendered problematic without specific attention being paid to teachers’ readiness and capacity to understand and implement assessment innovations. In response, the author describes and analyses how he formed a research partnership with a local physics teacher to investigate how SPA could be used as a tool to improve science pedagogy. Results suggest that while the pragmatic considerations of assessment reforms are not sufficient in themselves to bring about policymakers’ desired outcomes, ways can be found to help teachers prepare for, bring about and crucially own change by adopting a critically reflective stance on problems and issues that arise when students work on completing laboratory tasks. The methods used in this study also identify some of the factors that impact on teachers’ ability to influence positive developments at the department and school levels of an educational system. Overall, the intention is that the teacher development strategies and classroom practices illustrated in the paper will eventually inform a programme of interventionist action in science pedagogy and practical work assessment with applications both in and beyond the immediate study context.  相似文献   

THE PLOWDEN REPORT'S RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IDENTIFYING CHILDREN IN NEED OF EXTRA HELP     

Neil Ferguson  Patricia Davies  Roy Evans  Phillip Williams 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(3):210-213

The inadequacies of an area or school‐based approach to the problem of identifying children who are in need of extra help at school are illustrated with data collected from the infant reception classes of 12 schools. These sample schools were each nominated for one of three categories according to the characteristics of the areas which they served. The two local education authorities involved each nominated an advantaged school, a settled working‐class school, and four deprived schools. The socio‐economic and developmental characteristics of the infant reception class intakes of these categories of school type were examined. The findings were that categories of school type are not as socio‐economically disparate as may often be assumed; and that there appears to be a sizeable relationship between school type and the school entrants’ developmental characteristics, but there are too many exceptions to this general trend to justify the use of school characteristics for identifying ‘children at risk’.  相似文献   

The aesthetic experience of nature and hermeneutic phenomenology     

Valéria Ghisloti Iared  Haydée Torres de Oliveira  Phillip G. Payne 《The Journal of environmental education》2013,44(3):191-201

ABSTRACT

One aim of environmental education is to encourage different ways of generating meanings of, valuing, conceiving, and contextualizing “nature.” The field of aesthetics provides an affective basis for interpreting our perceptions of environments and relations with other more-than-human beings. This critical essay examines some of the key concepts about hermeneutics and phenomenology introduced by philosophers such as Kant, Dufrenne, Bachelard, Merleau-Ponty, Gadamer, and Quintás and then indicates some methodological implications. Our Freirean purpose is to advance how understandings of the nature of the aesthetic experience of nature might inform different research framings, critical curriculum inquiry, and eco-pedagogical explorations of being in, becoming and relating with nature.  相似文献   

The forensic science needs of law enforcement applicants and recruits: A survey of Michigan law enforcement agencies     

Eric Lambert  Terry Nerbonne  Phillip L. Watson  Jack Buss  Alan Clarke  Nancy Hogan 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2013,24(1):67-81

Many colleges and universities offer forensic science courses ranging from a single introductory class to majors. Previous research has not addressed how valuable these courses are to undergraduate criminal justice students who aspire to enter the law enforcement field. A random sample of law enforcement agencies in Michigan were surveyed. Seventy-eight percent of respondents agreed that knowledge of forensic science was important and 46% preferred that applicants have a forensic science background prior to hiring. The knowledge areas deemed most important were interviewing techniques, crime scene documentation, evidence collection, and latent fingerprint analysis.  相似文献   

The Influence of Hydration on Anaerobic Performance     

Justin A. Kraft  James M. Green  Phillip A. Bishop  Mark T. Richardson  Yasmin H. Neggers  James D. Leeper 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):282-292

This review examines the influence of dehydration on muscular strength and endurance and on single and repeated anaerobic sprint bouts. Describing hydration effects on anaerobic performance is difficult because various exercise modes are dominated by anaerobic energy pathways, but still contain inherent physiological differences. The critical level of water deficit (～ 3–4%; mode dependent) affecting anaerobic performance is larger than the deficit (～ 2%) impairing endurance performance. A critical performance-duration component (> 30 s) may also exist. Moderate dehydration (> 3% body weight; precise threshold depends on work/recovery ratio) impairs repeated anaerobic bouts, which place an increased demand on aerobic metabolism. Interactions between dehydration level, dehydration mode, testing mode, performance duration, and work/recovery ratio during repeated bouts make the dehydration thresh-old influencing anaerobic performance mode dependent.  相似文献