How to implement organizational change that produces results     

Pierre Mourier 《Performance Improvement》1998,37(7):19-28

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Upper limb and trunk muscle activity patterns during seated and standing cycling     

Nicolas A. Turpin  Antony Costes  Pierre Moretto  Bruno Watier 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(6):557-564

The objective of this study is to clarify the functional roles of upper limb muscles during standing and seated cycling when power output increases. We investigated the activity of seven upper limb and trunk muscles using surface electromyography (EMG). Power outputs ranged from ~100–700 W with a pedalling frequency of 90 revolution per minute. Three-dimensional handle and pedal forces were simultaneously recorded. Using non-negative matrix factorisation, we extracted muscle synergies and we analysed the integrated EMG and EMG temporal patterns. Most of the muscles showed tonic activity that became more phasic as power output increased. Three muscle synergies were identified, associated with (i) torso stabilisation, (ii) compensation/generation of trunk accelerations and (iii) upper body weight support. Synergies were similar for seated and standing positions (Pearson’s r > 0.7), but synergy #2 (biceps brachii, deltoidus and brachioradialis) was shifted forward during the cycle (~7% of cycle). The activity levels of synergy #1 (latissimus dorsi and erector spinae) and synergy #2 increased markedly above ~500 W (i.e., ~+40–70% and +130–190%) and during periods corresponding to ipsi- and contralateral downstrokes, respectively. Our study results suggest that the upper limb and trunk muscles may play important roles in cycling when high power outputs are required.  相似文献   

The discriminant validity of the stroop color and word test: Toward a cost-effective strategy to distinguish subgroups of disruptive preadolescents     

Marc E. Lavoie  Pierre Charlebois 《Psychology in the schools》1994,31(2):98-107

The purpose of this study was to verify the discriminant validity of the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) in screening between subgroups of disruptive children. Sixteen disruptive boys with symptoms of attention deficit (AD) were compared to a group of 16 disruptive boys without attention deficit (DIS) and to 16 controls (CO). A stepwise discriminant function analysis indicated that the AD group was significantly distinct (had a lower score) in comparison to the DIS and CO on the color-word score. The AD group also showed more hesitations on the color-word card than did controls. Implications for assessment of disruptive children with the SCWT in elementary schools are discussed.  相似文献   

教练员在运动队中的角色     

James Galipeau  Pierre Trudel  邹文华 《中国体育教练员》2008,16(3)

有专家认为,教练员的指导不应被简单地定义为一些教学方法或他们所传授某种专门体育知识,而应被看作一种更为复杂的活动。“它本质上是一种社会实践活动,是教练员、运动员及俱乐部环境之间的互动产生的活动”,因此,教练员的指导是一种“复杂的社会关系”,是发生在“教学背景”下的一种关系。所谓的教学背景就是一个整体,即这个背景中的所有参与者及个人行为都是一个整体过程。正是每一部分之间的互相依赖才使“教学背景”成为一个单独的实体。  相似文献   

1970-2001年间发表的训练科学英文文献的分析     

Wade D. Gilbert  Pierre Trudel  邹文华 《中国体育教练员》2008,16(4)

尽管关于运动训练方面的科技文献越来越多,但是很少有人对这方面的文献进行总结,即使有也只是在有限的时间范围内或主要针对运动训练行为方面的.由于该方面的资料缺乏系统性和连贯性,所以,笔者在进行此项研究的过程中也受到诸多限制.  相似文献   

An examination of slo-pitch pitching trajectories     

Wu T  Gervais P 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2008,7(1):88-99

Many slo-pitch coaches and players believe that generating spin on a ball can affect its trajectory. The influence of air resistance on a ball that is thrown at a moderate speed and spin is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of spin on the ball's trajectory in slo-pitch pitching using both experimental results and ball flight simulations. Fourteen pitchers participated in the study, each of whom threw five backspin and topspin pitches each. Data were collected using standard three-dimensional videography. The horizontal velocity, vertical velocity, angular velocity, release height, and horizontal displacement of the backspin pitches were significantly higher than those of the topspin pitches. The ball flight simulations were developed to examine the influence of the ball spin, and it was concluded that the spin of the ball had a significant effect on the ball's vertical and horizontal displacements. Furthermore, our results suggest that a backspin pitch that reaches the maximum height allowable and lands in the front edge of the strike zone has the steepest slope. The present results add to our understanding of projectile motion and aerodynamics.  相似文献   

Test anxiety and choice of evaluation format in university students     

Michel Pierre Janisse 《Psychology in the schools》1973,10(3):350-353

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Reciprocal peer tutoring in a physical education setting: influence of peer tutor training and gender on motor performance and self-efficacy outcomes     

Pierre Jean Ensergueix  Lucile Lafont 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2010,25(2):222-242

Students often do not take full advantage of peer tutoring instructional strategies because they are not sufficiently prepared to fulfill the role of tutor. This study examined whether implementing a peer tutor training program prior to the beginning of reciprocal peer tutoring (RPT) sessions might help overcome this issue. Gender differences were also explored. In a physical education setting, 48 novice ninth-graders were assigned in symmetric dyads to a physical practice associated with trained RPT condition (TRPT; n = 24) or a physical practice associated with spontaneous RPT condition (SRPT; n = 24). Moreover, 24 participants were assigned to a physical practice without any form of RPT control condition (PP). The peer tutor training, based on an original group interview technique, aimed at enhancing the explanatory potential of the tutor and his/her sensitivity to the specific needs of the tutee. Results indicated a superior motor performance for the TRPT condition and no difference between the SRPT and PP conditions. Interestingly, a positive relation between motor performance and self-efficacy beliefs was found for TRPT females. The assumption that the development of metacognitive awareness is one of the mechanisms underlying RPT’s effectiveness was thus supported.  相似文献   

Effects of Junior Kindergarten on Emerging Literacy in Children from Low-Income and Linguistic-Minority Families     

Linda S. Pagani  Julie Jalbert  Pierre Lapointe  Martine Hébert 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2006,33(4):209-215

We study the benefits of junior kindergarten for linguistic-minority 4-year-olds compared to their linguistic-majority classmates from the same low-income neighborhoods. At the end of the school year, linguistic-minority children made significantly greater improvements in language skills than their host society classmates. At the mid-year point, junior kindergarten teachers made efforts to help linguistic-minority children overcome the challenges of the school environment of their new host society by adapting their pedagogical strategies to those showing difficulty in their receptive vocabulary skills. They also offered greater means of contact to parents of linguistic-minority children having difficulty attaining language proficiency than to parents of children showing better improvements. Parents of linguistic-minority students showing smaller gains were more likely to use a larger proportion of the communication methods offered by teachers and participate in the parent–school relationship for the well-being of their children. Long-term results suggest that linguistic-minority children continued to make significant improvements.

Linda S. PaganiEmail:

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Protective effect of endolithic fungal hyphae on oolitic limestone buildings     

Nicolas Concha-Lozano  Pierre Gaudon  Jacques Pages  Gisel de Billerbeck  Dominique Lafon  Olivier Eterradossi 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2012,13(2):120-127

This study presents characterizations of weathering forms of the same oolitic limestone from four quarries and eight monuments exposed on various environmental conditions focusing on the waterproofing effect of endolithic organic matter. Patinas were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX), capillarity coefficient through weathered and unweathered sides, gypsum content and porous network morphology by epoxy resin molding. Study of weathering forms on old quarries indicates that lichens colonization (Verrucaria nigrescens and Caloplaca aurantia) can fill the superficial porous network with a dense network of lichenised fungal hyphae. Capillary coefficient measurement on natural and calcinated samples showed that endolithic organic matter can waterproof the stone and could act as a sulfate contamination barrier. Similar endolithic organic layer due to ancient lichens growth are found on some antique monuments of the Nîmes downtown and could explain their well-preserved state, unlike decayed 19th century churches that were never colonized by lichens.  相似文献