Development and differentiation of force and energy concepts for animate and inanimate objects in children and adolescents     

Olga Megalakaki  Jean Pierre Thibaut 《Research in Science Education》2016,46(4):457-480

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Accurate DRL performance in the pigeon: Comparison between perching and treadle pressing     

Helga Lejeune  Pierre Jasselette 《Learning & behavior》1986,14(2):205-211

Homing pigeons were reinforced for emitting a perching response according to differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedules. The spacing requirement between successive perchings was progressively increased by 1-sec steps up to 70 sec and then abruptly decreased to 60, 40, and 20 sec. IRT/OP (interresponse time/opportunity) functions were maximal near the time of reinforcement. The coefficients of variation of the IRT distributions (ratio between the interquartile range and median IRT) fluctuated around .32, testifying for equivalent levels of adjustment throughout the critical IRT range. The ratio between reinforced and total IRTs ranged between .90 and .20. These data contrast with the performance of another group of pigeons reinforced for a treadle-pressing response according to DRL schedules (flatter IRT/OP functions, high coefficients of variation, and low efficiencies). Despite these differences in temporal regulation between perching and treadle-pressing DRL, response rates and reinforcement rates followed the same trend in both cases: they decreased as schedule value increased. The DRL perching results are similar to previous results obtained in the same species when perching duration was reinforced.  相似文献   

Video quality based link adaptation for low latency video transmission over WLANs     

FERR Pierre  DOUFEXI Angela  CHUNG-HOW James  NIX Andrew  BULL David 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(5):847-856

INTRODUCTION Low latency video transmission is very de manding in terms of the performance of all layers i the protocol stack. Over the last decade, research ha focused on enhancements of each individual laye without considering cross-layer interactions. Adapt ing video coding to the channel/network condition and technologies (and vice versa) (Girod et al., 2002 via the cross-layer exchange of information has onl recently been investigated. van der Schaar et al.(200 developed a cross-laye…  相似文献   

A novel phased‐concept course for the delivery of anatomy and orthopedics training in medical education          下载免费PDF全文

Stefan Klima  Pierre Hepp  Sabine Löffler  Jon Cornwall  Niels Hammer 《Anatomical sciences education》2017,10(4):372-382

Integration of anatomy and clinical teaching is a theoretical ideal, yet there is a worldwide paucity of such amalgamation. These teaching models provide support for medical trainees, an important element in Germany where orthopedic intern numbers have declined and anecdotal evidence suggests disinterest in orthopedics. The aim of the study was to develop an integrated anatomy‐surgical course for undergraduate medical training, assess the model developed, and explore how medical students perceive orthopedics as a career. The course was to deliver medical anatomy and clinical orthopedic training, focusing on interdisciplinary teaching and learning, vertical integration of clinical knowledge and skills, and professional interaction. Survey evaluation of the course and students' perceptions of orthopedic careers was performed, including Likert‐type responses rating variables of interest. A phased‐concept program of five courses, each optional and under one‐week in duration, was developed parallel to the undergraduate medical program. Delivered by anatomists and surgeons, courses included biomechanics, advanced dissection, surgical approaches, casts and implants, and sports medicine. Course data indicate positive support for course format, stimulation of interest, and high clinical relevance. Students are generally interested in surgery, and identify hierarchy, lawsuits, bureaucracy and physical stress as barriers to orthopedic careers. This novel phased‐concept successfully delivers combined anatomy and surgery training in a vertically‐integrated format while addressing students' clinical and professional skills. The format facilitates an appreciation of potential career options in orthopedics, while fostering professional skills during medical training. Barriers to careers in orthopedics can now be addressed in future courses. Anat Sci Educ 10: 372–382. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

How do L2 learners and L1 writers differ in their reliance on working memory during the formulation subprocess?     

Gunnarsson-Largy  Cecilia  Dherbey  Nathalie  Largy  Pierre 《Reading and writing》2019,32(8):2083-2110

Reading and Writing - L1 and L2 writers attend to different aspects of the formulation subprocess of writing. L2 writers devote more time and attention to low-level aspects such as grammar...  相似文献   

Graduated substrata     

Pierre P. Lvy 《Information processing & management》1988,24(6)

A graduated substratum is a graphic representation corresponding to the support of a discrete fuzzy set: It is a set of granulations whose diameters are proportional to the membership values of the respective elements they represent. It is used to represent graphically the notions (relation, construction of a relation, application of the mapping rule) developed by Zadeh to apply fuzzy set theory to pattern classification. A connection with neurophysiology is proposed in the form of the identification: Fuzzy set &z.tbnd; Graduated substratum Activated neural population.  相似文献   

Public subsidies to private schools do make a difference for achievement in mathematics: Longitudinal evidence from Canada     

Pierre Lefebvre  Philip MerriganMatthieu Verstraete 《Economics of Education Review》2011,30(1):79-98

Selection into private schools is the principal cause of bias when estimating the effect of private schooling on academic achievement. By exploiting the generous public subsidizing of private high schools in the province of Québec, the second most populous province in Canada, we identify the causal impact of attendance in a private high school on achievement in mathematics. Because the supply of highly subsidized spaces is much higher at the high school level than at the grade school level, 94% of transitions from the public to the private sector occur at the end of primary school, we assume that these transitions are exogenous with respect to changes in transitory unobserved variables affecting math scores conditional on variables such as changes in income and child fixed effects. Using 7 cycles of data from Statistics Canada's National Longitudinal Survey on Children and Youth (NLSCY), we estimate the effect of attending a private high school on the percentile rank and a standardized math test score with different models (child fixed effects, random effects and a pooled OLS) and restricted samples to control for the degree of selection. The results, interpreted as a treatment on the treated effect show that the effect of changing schools, from a public grade school to a private high school, increases the percentile rank of the math score between 4 and 10 points and by between 0.12 and 0.36 of a standard deviation depending on the specification and samples.  相似文献   

The place of emotions while inspecting schools: reflections of two Ofsted inspectors     

Jean Pierre Elonga Mboyo 《School Leadership & Management》2017,37(3):267-287

This article investigates the role of emotions of inspectors while inspecting schools as reported by inspectors themselves within an education context of increased accountability that arguably privileges rationality over emotions. The study is built on an emotion management framework that regards emotions not only as unavoidably natural and intimately linked to ‘rational’ judgements that people make, but also that such judgements are social constructions used to regulate expression of emotions. In-depth interview data of one retired and another, semi-retired Office for Standards in Education, inspectors were thematically analysed to assess the extent to which their emotions formed part of school inspections. In the absence of an officially sanctioned narrative of inspectors’ emotions during inspections, two kinds of self-prescribed emotions emerged as key findings: emotions for accountability, to which inspectors gave expression, and emotions for improvement, that they suppressed. For an inspection body that needs to ensure both accountability and improvement of schools to justify its viability, these research claims open up a new area of discussion that should lead to a review of inspection body’s stance on emotions and individual inspectors’ self-reflections on the moral as well as professional obligation to pursue both emotions for accountability and improvement.  相似文献   

Commentary. No pain,no gain: Why situational analysis is critical for successful change implementation     

Pierre Mourier 《Performance Improvement》2001,40(4):5-13

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Mirror analysis. How to achieve customer-driven human performance     

Pierre Mourier 《Performance Improvement》1999,38(8):10-20

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