An integrated approach for modeling and solving the scheduling problem of container handling systems     

陈璐  奚立峰  蔡建国 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(2):234-239

INTRODUCTION Worldwide container trade has grown 9.5% per year last decade and will continue to do so at an 8% growth rate in the coming years (James et al., 1997), so container terminals have to handle containers more efficiently. Fig.1 shows a typical container terminal layout composed of “Quayside area” and “Storage yard”. Many optimization problems associated with a container terminal have been extensively studied in the past few years. Vis and De Koster (2003) gave a comprehens…  相似文献   

Judgement and production of drawings by 3- to 10-year-olds: Comparison of declarative and procedural drawing knowledge     

Michel Fayol  Pierre Barrouillet  Chantal Chevrot 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1995,10(3):303-313

In this experiment, 80 children between the ages of three and ten produced and judged drawings of a person and a house. Two alternative hypotheses were tested. Under the first hypothesis, young children have internal models of persons and objects which are comparable to those of adults, but they have problems implementing their knowledge and planning and managing the graphic activity. If this hypothesis is true, we should obtain an interaction between age and type of task (production vs. judgement). Under the second hypothesis, children’s drawings are a direct reflection of their internal models of the items drawn. This hypothesis predicted a significant positive correlation between performance on production and judgement. In the judgement task, the subjects were presented with pairs of drawings and asked to indicate the more elaborate drawing. For the house and the man drawing, children by the age of three were able to correctly determine the most elaborated of the two presented drawings. A strong interaction was obtained between age and type of task (production or judgement), due to the fact that the difference between production performance and judgement performance decreases with age. The discussion suggests a limited cognitive capacity hypothesis to account for the results, and proposes some possibilities for future studies.  相似文献   

Clarifying vocational maturity during adolescence and implications for mid-life     

Roger W. Sorochty  Robert R. O'Reilly  Pierre Paul Turgeon 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1979,2(2):133-141

  相似文献   

Designing a self-improving tutor: PROTO-TEG     

Pierre Dillenbourg 《Instructional Science》1989,18(3):193-216

This paper presents the principles and the architecture of PROTO-TEG, a self-improving tutor in geometry. This system is able to discover criteria useful for selecting the didactic strategies it has at its disposal. These criteria are expressed as characteristics of the student model. They are elaborated by comparing student model states recorded when a strategy was effective and those recorded when the same strategy was not effective. This comparison is performed by machine learning methods, or, more precisely, by learning concepts from examples. An empirical experiment was performed in order to assess the self-improving functions; conditions were discovered for five of the nine didactic strategies. However, this new knowledge did not lead to PROTO-TEG being more efficient in terms of student performance.Some parts of this paper were presented at the ITS 88 Conference, in Montreal, June 1988; and other parts were presented at the second European seminar on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, in Le Mans (France), October 1988.  相似文献   

The well‐being of teachers in Flanders: the importance of a supportive school culture     

Antonia Aelterman  Nadine Engels  Karen Van Petegem  Jean Pierre Verhaeghe 《Educational studies》2007,33(3):285-297

Research on the well‐being of teachers was conducted at the request of the Department of Education in Flanders, Belgium. The goals were: (1) to construct an instrument for the Education Inspectorate; and (2) to conduct a survey in order to identify school‐related conditions relevant for teachers’ professional well‐being. Based on literature and panel discussions with teachers and principals, a questionnaire was constructed, tested and subdivided in subscales following a factor analysis. The questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of elementary (covering both nursery and primary schools, children aged 3–12) and secondary school teachers. A multilevel analysis reveals how differences in scores can be explained at school level.  相似文献   

Making sense of the glass ceiling in schools: an exploration of women teachers’ discourses     

Marie‐Pierre Moreau  Jayne Osgood  Anna Halsall 《Gender and education》2007,19(2):237-253

There is extensive evidence of a ‘glass ceiling’ for women across the labour market. Though schools have widely been described as ‘feminized’ work environments, the under‐representation of women at school management level is well established. Based on a study of women teachers’ careers and promotion in the English school sector (in early years, primary and secondary schools), this paper draws on a critical discourse analysis of 44 individual interviews conducted with women teachers to explore their views of the ‘glass ceiling’. Despite significant evidence of the barriers to management positions faced by women teachers, interpretative frameworks drawing on discourses of individualization and personal choice are most prominent among these to make sense of the low proportion of women in school management. However, the paper also identifies the existence of alternative discourses recognizing the existence of gender inequalities.  相似文献   

The Neuroscience of Art: A Research Program for the Next Decade?     

Jean Pierre Changeux 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2011,5(1):3-4

Works of art can be viewed as elements of a human‐specific nonverbal communication system, distinct from language. First, the cognitive abilities and skills required for art creation and perception are built from a cascade of events driven by a “genetic envelope”. Essential for the understanding of artistic creation is its epigenetic variability. Second, artistic contemplation and creation may be tentatively viewed as a discrete and singular conscious synthesis taking place within the personal global neuronal workspace of external perceptions, internal memories and stored emotions. Third, there is a need for rules that constrain and restrict in a top‐down manner the selection of representations generated by the artist's brain. Finally, artistic creation is a part of the personal history of the artist and stems from an anterior historical evolution.  相似文献   

New twists on the great chain of being     

Saint-Germier  Pierre 《Metascience》2020,29(2):345-349

  相似文献   

Aerodynamic drag in cycling: methods of assessment     

Pierre Debraux  Frederic Grappe  Aneliya V. Manolova  William Bertucci 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):197-218

When cycling on level ground at a speed greater than 14 m/s, aerodynamic drag is the most important resistive force. About 90% of the total mechanical power output is necessary to overcome it. Aerodynamic drag is mainly affected by the effective frontal area which is the product of the projected frontal area and the coefficient of drag. The effective frontal area represents the position of the cyclist on the bicycle and the aerodynamics of the cyclist-bicycle system in this position. In order to optimise performance, estimation of these parameters is necessary. The aim of this study is to describe and comment on the methods used during the last 30 years for the evaluation of the effective frontal area and the projected frontal area in cycling, in both laboratory and actual conditions. Most of the field methods are not expensive and can be realised with few materials, providing valid results in comparison with the reference method in aerodynamics, the wind tunnel. Finally, knowledge of these parameters can be useful in practice or to create theoretical models of cycling performance.  相似文献   

Boundary crossing between higher education and the world of work: a case study in post-1994 Rwanda     

Faustin Mutwarasibo  Pierre Canisius Ruterana  Ingrid Andersson 《高等教育研究与发展》2014,33(5):962-977

Workplaces abound with knowledge that is different from the knowledge students gain at universities. Crossing the boundary from a university to a workplace can, therefore, be difficult for students. To compensate for the dearth of knowledge on how these issues play out in an African context, this study investigates how knowledge and experiences gained during academic studies were useful in the workplace by interviewing employers from sectors commonly open to university graduates and student representatives from all faculties at a Rwandan University. Open questionnaires were used to ascertain what kinds of changes might lead to more successful boundary crossing. The findings suggest that while domain-specific knowledge is an essential part of a university qualification, a stronger focus on generic skills is needed in order to help students cross the boundary and succeed in the workplace.  相似文献