Gaia Theory in Brazilian High School Biology Textbooks     

Ricardo Santos Do Carmo  Nei Freitas Nunes-Neto  Charbel Niño El-Hani 《Science & Education》2009,18(3-4):469-501

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Hierarchical Models of Social Competence in Preschool Children: A Multisite,Multinational Study     

Brian E. Vaughn  Nana Shin  Mina Kim  Gabrielle Coppola  Lisa Krzysik  António J. Santos  Inês Peceguina  João R. Daniel  Manuela Veríssimo  Anthon DeVries  Eric Elphick  Xiomara Ballentina  Kelly K. Bost  Wanda Y. Newell  Ellaine B. Miller  J. Blake Snider  Byran Korth 《Child development》2009,80(6):1775-1796

The generality of a multilevel factorial model of social competence (SC) for preschool children was tested in a 5‐group, multinational sample (N = 1,540) using confirmatory factor analysis. The model fits the observed data well, and tests constraining paths for measured variables to their respective first‐order factors across samples also fit well. Equivalence of measurement models was found at sample and sex within‐sample levels but not for age within sample. In 2 groups, teachers’ ratings were examined as correlates of SC indicators. Composites of SC indicators were significantly associated with both positive and negative child attributes from the teachers’ ratings. The findings contribute to understanding of both methodological and substantive issues concerning SC in young children.  相似文献   

Teaching values in physical education classes: the perception of Brazilian teachers     

Elisabete dos Santos Freire  Bruna Gabriela Marques  Maria Luiza de Jesus Miranda 《Sport, Education and Society》2018,23(5):449-461

The contribution of Physical Education (PE) and School Sport to learning of values has been identified by teachers and researchers. However, we know little about how that teaching takes place during classes. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of teachers on teaching values in their classes and to analyse the conception of values that have guided their professional intervention. To do this, a qualitative study was conducted with a sample of three teachers, using class observations and interviews with the teachers as research tools. For all these teachers, teaching values is a central goal of PE classes; for two of the teachers, it is the main goal. Because of this conviction, their pedagogies prioritize the teaching of moral values over others that can be taught in PE. A belief in the possibility of teaching values in the classroom is part of the habitus of the PE teacher; it can sometimes be characterized as an illusio. For these reasons, teachers can set unrealistic expectations, disregarding their own limitations as well as the conflicts and complexity involved in the construction of value systems.  相似文献   

Preschool teachers and classroom aides: Same context,similar perceptions of children's behaviors?          下载免费PDF全文

Sofia O. Major  Maria J. Seabra‐Santos  Maria F. Gaspar 《Psychology in the schools》2018,55(7):801-814

This study explored the correspondence and differences between school staff perceptions of preschool children's social skills and behavior problems. One hundred preschoolers were assessed by 14 pairs of teachers and classroom aides with the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales – 2^nd Edition (PKBS‐2 Portuguese version). Indexes of agreement and disagreement were calculated. Risk levels and item analyses of PKBS‐2 scores according to both informants' ratings were compared. A higher level of agreement was obtained for social skills scores than for behavior problems (mean correlation of .62). No statistically significant differences between informants were obtained for the risk levels, and item analyses revealed a similar pattern of behaviors that were most and least rated by both informants. Results indicate that the classroom aides' perspective on preschool assessment represents a reliable input, which justifies that they network with teachers in addressing preschoolers' social‐emotional and behavioral challenges.  相似文献   

The continuous nature of timing reprogramming in an interceptive task     

Luis Augusto Teixeira  Elke Dos Santos Lima  Mariana Marília Franzoni 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):943-950

The time course of movement timing reprogramming was examined in a task requiring temporal coincidence of the conclusion of a forehand drive with the arrival of a moving luminous target at the end of an electronic trackway. The moving target departed from one end of the trackway at a constant velocity of 2?m ^. s^?1, and for a part of the trials its velocity was increased to 3?m ^. s^?1. Target velocity was modified at different moments during stimulus displacement, producing times-to-arrival after velocity increment (TAVIs) from 100 to 600?ms. The effect of specific practice on movement reprogramming was also examined. The results showed early adjustments to the action (TAVIs = 100?–?200?ms) that seemed to be stereotyped, while feedback-based corrections were implemented only at TAVIs of 300?ms or longer. Temporal accuracy was progressively increased as longer TAVIs were provided up to 600?ms. Skill training led to an overall increment of temporal accuracy, but no effect of specific practice was found. The results indicate that timing reprogramming in interceptive actions is a continuous process limited mainly by intrinsic factors: latency to initiate more effective adjustments to the action, and rate-of-movement timing reprogramming.  相似文献   

Effects of concurrent training on interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein in middle-aged men     

Cleiton Augusto Libardi  Giovana Verginia Souza  Arthur Fernandes GÁspari  Claudinei Ferreira Dos Santos  Sabrina Toffoli Leite  Rodrigo Dias 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1573-1581

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate- to high-intensity resistance and concurrent training on inflammatory biomarkers and functional capacity in sedentary middle-aged healthy men. Participants were selected on a random basis for resistance training (n = 12), concurrent training (n = 11) and a control group (n = 13). They performed three weekly sessions for 16 weeks (resistance training: 10 exercises with 3 × 8–10 repetition maximum; concurrent training: 6 exercises with 3 × 8–10 repetition maximum, followed by 30 minutes of walking or running at 55–85% [Vdot]O_2peak). Maximal strength was tested in bench press and leg press. The peak oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2peak) was measured by an incremental exercise test. Tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were determined. The upper- and lower-body maximal strength increase for both resistance (+42.52%; +20.9%, respectively) and concurrent training (+28.35%; +21.5%, respectively) groups (P = 0.0001).[Vdot]O_2peak increased in concurrent training when comparing pre- and post-training (P = 0.0001; +15.6%). No differences were found in tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 for both groups after the exercise. C-reactive protein increased in resistance training (P = 0.004). These findings demonstrated that 16 weeks of moderate- to high-intensity training could improve functional capacity, but did not decrease inflammatory biomarkers in middle-aged men.  相似文献   

Changing attitudes and intentions related to doping: An analysis of individual differences in need for cognition     

Javier Horcajo  David Santos  Joshua J. Guyer  Lorena Moreno 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(24):2835-2843

ABSTRACT

Research has shown that athletes’ attitudes towards the use of banned performance-enhancing substances are reliable predictors of their intentions to use these substances, which in turn can be relevant predictors of their actual doping behaviours. Despite the important role played by attitudes and intentions in doping, research analysing how to change those attitudes and intentions is relatively scarce. The present study examined how individual differences in Need for Cognition (NC, Cacioppo & Petty, 1982) influenced doping-related attitude change and subsequent behavioural intentions. Participants were randomly assigned to read a persuasive message either against or in favour of legalising the use of several banned substances, including anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and Erythropoietin (EPO). In addition, participants completed the NC scale, and finally reported their attitudes and behavioural intentions regarding the legalisation proposal. As hypothesised, results showed that participants who received an anti-legalisation message had significantly more unfavourable attitudes towards the proposal than participants who received a pro-legalisation message, regardless of NC. However, as predicted, NC moderated the relationship between individuals’ attitudes and their intentions. That is, high-NC participants showed greater attitude-intention correspondence than low-NC participants.  相似文献   

A toy model that predicts the qualitative role of bar bend in a push jerk     

Aaron Santos  Norman E. Meltzer 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(4):345-359

In this work, we describe a simple coarse-grained model of a barbell that can be used to determine the qualitative role of bar bend during a jerk. In simulations of this model, we observed a narrow time window during which the lifter can leverage the elasticity of the bar in order to lift the weight to a maximal height. This time window shifted to later times as the weight was increased. In addition, we found that the optimal time to initiate the drive was strongly correlated with the time at which the bar had reached a maximum upward velocity after recoiling. By isolating the effect of the bar, we obtained a generalized strategy for lifting heavy weight in the jerk.  相似文献   

Heat and Kinetic Theory in 19th-Century Physics Textbooks: The Case of Spain     

Vaquero  Joseb M.  Santos  Andrebs 《Science & Education》2001,10(3):307-319

Spain was a scientifically backward country in the early 19th century. The causes were various political events, the War of Independence, and the reignof Fernando VII. The introduction of contemporary physics into textbooks was thereforea slow process. An analysis of the contents of 19th-century Spanish textbooks is presented here, centred on imponderable fluids, the concept of energy, the mechanicaltheory of heat, and the kinetic theory of gases.  相似文献   

Learning design and learning analytics in mobile and ubiquitous learning: A systematic review     

Gerti Pishtari  María J. Rodríguez-Triana  Edna M. Sarmiento-Márquez  Mar Pérez-Sanagustín  Adolfo Ruiz-Calleja  Patricia Santos  Luis P. Prieto  Sergio Serrano-Iglesias  Terje Väljataga 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2020,51(4):1078-1100

Mobile and Ubiquitous Learning (m/u-learning) are finding an increasing adoption in education. They are often distinguished by hybrid learning environments that encompass elements of formal and informal learning, in activities that happen in distributed settings (indoors and outdoors), across physical and virtual spaces. Despite their purported benefits, these environments imply additional complexity in the design, monitoring and evaluation of learning activities. The research literature on learning design (LD) and learning analytics (LA) has started to deal with these issues. This paper presents a systematic literature review of LD and LA, in m/u-learning. Apart from providing an overview of the current research in the field, this review elicits elements of common ground between both communities, as shown by the similar learning contexts and complementary research contributions, and based on the research gaps, proposes to: address m/u-learning beyond higher education settings, reinforce the connection between physical and virtual learning spaces, and more systematically align LD and LA processes.  相似文献