Determinants of possession of the ball in soccer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lago C  Martín R 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(9):969-974

In research on the importance of the possession of the ball in soccer, little attention has been paid to its determinants. Using data from 170 matches of the 2003 - 2004 Spanish Soccer League, we explain why differences in the possession of the ball among teams are so great. In particular, four variables are examined: evolving match status (i.e. whether the team is winning, losing or drawing), venue (i.e. playing at home or away), and the identities of the team and the opponent in each match. Results of linear regression analysis show that these four variables are statistically significant and together explain most of the variance in possession. In short, home teams have more possession than away teams, teams have more possession when they are losing matches than when winning or drawing, and the identity of the opponent matters - the worse the opponent, the greater the possession of the ball. Combinations of these variables could be used to develop a model that predicts possession in soccer.  相似文献   

Review of the Danish history of technology     

Svante Lindqvist 《Science & Education》1993,2(2):211-216

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The effects of developing English language and literacy on Spanish reading comprehension     

Tracy G. Spies  Rafael Lara-Alecio  Fuhui Tong  Beverly J. Irby  Tiberio Garza  Margarita Huerta 《The Journal of educational research》2018,111(5):517-529

In this longitudinal study, the cross-language transfer from second language (L2) to first language (L1) was examined among Spanish-speaking English-language learners in an English intervention (Grades 1–3) in the southwest United States. Path analysis revealed statistically significant transfers (ps < .05) for the treatment group from English reading comprehension to Spanish reading comprehension. English vocabulary and English grammar also had an indirect influence on Spanish reading comprehension through English reading comprehension. For the comparison group, no English to Spanish paths were statistically significant. We concluded that intervention activities in L2 influenced L1 reading even when L1 instructional time was reduced.  相似文献   

Measuring and comparing academic language development and conceptual understanding via science notebooks     

Margarita Huerta  Fuhui Tong  Beverly J. Irby  Rafael Lara-Alecio 《The Journal of educational research》2016,109(5):503-517

The authors of this quantitative study measured and compared the academic language development and conceptual understanding of fifth-grade economically disadvantaged English language learners (ELL), former ELLs, and native English-speaking (ES) students as reflected in their science notebook scores. Using an instrument they developed, the authors quantified the student notebook language and concept scores. They compared language growth over time across three time points: beginning, middle, and end of the school year and across language-status (ELL, former ELL, and ES), and gender using mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA). The authors also compared students’ conceptual understanding scores across categories in three domains using ANOVA. Students demonstrated statistically significant growth over time in their academic language as reflected by science notebook scores, and we noticed conceptual trends in which scores for ELLs, former ELLs, and male students lagged behind at first, but caught up to their peers by the end of the school year.  相似文献   

Cognitive Brain Event-Related Potentials and Emotion Processing in Maltreated Children   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Seth D. Pollak  Dante Cicchetti  Rafael Klorman  Joan T. Brumaghim 《Child development》1997,68(5):773-787

Cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 23 maltreated and 21 nonmaltreated children. Children were presented with slides of Ekman photographs of asingle model posing an angry (25%), a happy (25%), or a neutral (50%) facial expression. In 1 of 2 counterbalanced target conditions, children were asked to press a button in response to the angry face; in the other target condition, they responded to the happy face. Both samples, as expected, exhibited the largest amplitude of the P300 component of the ERP to target stimuli and the smallest amplitude to nontargets. For nonmaltreated children, the average amplitude of P300 across slides was comparable for the 2 target conditions. In contrast, maltreated children displaed larger P300 ampltude to stimuli when they were directed to attend to angry, as opposd children displayed larger p300 amplitude to stimuli whe they were directed to attend to angry, as opposed to happy, targets. These reaults suggest different cognitive processing for positive versus negative affective expressions by children with histories of atypical emotiaonal exotional experiences.  相似文献   

The effect of an instructional intervention on middle school english learners' science and english reading achievement     

Rafael Lara‐Alecio  Fuhui Tong  Beverly J. Irby  Cindy Guerrero  Maggie Huerta  Yinan Fan 《科学教学研究杂志》2012,49(8):987-1011

This study examined the effect of a quasi‐experimental project on fifth grade English learners' achievement in state‐mandated standards‐based science and English reading assessment. A total of 166 treatment students and 80 comparison students from four randomized intermediate schools participated in the current project. The intervention consisted of on‐going professional development and specific instructional science lessons with inquiry‐based learning, direct and explicit vocabulary instruction, integration of reading and writing, and enrichment components including integration of technology, take‐home science activities, and university scientists mentoring. Results suggested a significant and positive intervention effect in favor of the treatment students as reflected in higher performance in district‐wide curriculum‐based tests of science and reading and standardized tests of oral reading fluency. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 987–1011, 2012  相似文献   

News in Special Education     

Gunilla Lindqvist  Claes Nilholm 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(1):74-90

The purpose of the reported interview study from Sweden is to contribute to our understanding of how head teachers can promote inclusive practices. Five head teachers were selected from a larger sample of head teachers working in compulsory schools (6–16) according to specific criteria in order to obtain head teachers who work effectively and express inclusive values relative to a relational perspective. The interviews were semi-structured, and a thematic analysis was performed. Head teachers’ strategies were in focus. The theoretical point of departure is critical pragmatism. Overall the five head teachers reported similar strategies. The head teachers describe the importance of educational leadership through observation and participation in activities in the classrooms. They advocate flexibility in the solutions provided for students in need of special support preferring solutions carried out in the regular classroom by the class/subject teacher. Head teachers see special educational needs coordinators (SENCOs) as important partners in their work towards more inclusive practices. Head teachers express the importance of consensus among their staff. They seem to welcome government’s increasing demands and steering concerning how head teachers should manage their schools. Finally, it is discussed whether the head teachers can be said to work ‘inclusively’ and, more generally, the methodological challenges researchers must confront in studies concerning ‘inclusive’ education.  相似文献   

La función autorreguladora del habla privada infantil: Un análisis crítico de las recientes discusiones de la teoría de Vygotski     

Marni H. Frauenglass  Rafael M. Díaz 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(37):103-114

Resumen

Recientes hallazgos empíricos han puesto en duda la teoría de Vygotski acerca de la función autorreguladora del habla privada infantil. En primer lugar, la mayoría de los estudios en este campo señalan la aparición de habla privada sólo en la mitad de los niños de sus muestras. Además, esos niños que efectivamente hablan emiten pocas verbalizaciones, de modo que la posible relevancia del habla privada en los procesos de solución de problemas queda seriamente cuestionada. Por otra parte, un gran número de estudios han tratado sin éxito de evidenciar una relación funcional entre el habla privada producida por los niños y el logro en las tareas cognitivas. El presente estudio se basa en la hipótesis de que la escasez de habla privada es un artefacto del paradigma de investigación usado habitualmente en los estudios recientes. También argumentamos que, desde la perspectiva vygotskiana, ésta tiende a aparecer asociada al fracaso en las tareas cognitivas porque tanto el habla privada como la probabilidad de fracaso se incrementan ante tareas difíciles. Un total de 32 preescolares fueron filmados en vídeo mientras realizaban tareas semánticas y perceptivas y sus verbalizaciones fueron transcritas y codificadas en categorías de habla social y privada. Los resultados indican que la condición más frecuentemente usada en los estudios recientes de hecho minimiza la producción de habla privada por parte de los niños y que los fracasos en las tareas se asocian con niveles más elevados de habla autorreguladora. A medida que el número de verbalizaciones autorreguladoras declina, aumentan los susurros y el habla musitada, apoyando la idea de Vygotski de que el habla privada no desaparece con la edad, sino que se va interiorizando hasta constituir el habla interior.  相似文献   

Transnational advertising,the media and education in the developing countries     

Rafael Roncagliolo  Noreene Z. Janus 《Prospects》1980,10(1):68-75

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Fluid balance of elite Brazilian youth soccer players during consecutive days of training     

Silva RP  Mündel T  Natali AJ  Bara Filho MG  Lima JR  Alfenas RC  Lopes PR  Belfort FG  Marins JC 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(7):725-732

In this study we investigated pre-training hydration status, fluid intake, and sweat loss in 20 elite male Brazilian adolescent soccer players (mean?±?s: age 17.2?±?0.5 years; height 1.76?±?0.05?m; body mass 69.9?±?6.0?kg) on three consecutive days of typical training during the qualifying phase of the national soccer league. Urine specific gravity (USG) and body mass changes were evaluated before and after training sessions to estimate hydration status. Players began the days of training mildly hypohydrated (USG?>?1.020) and fluid intake did not match fluid losses. It was warmer on Day 1 (33.1?±?2.4°C and43.4?±?3.2% relative humidity; P?相似文献