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11.
South Africa has inherited a fragmented system of science education which fails to provide adequate access to the majority of the population and poorly serves those whom it does educate. Less than 0.5% of South African students achieve university entrance qualifications in science and mathematics. Post-apartheid policies have focused on increasing investment in science education through educating more science teachers, providing more access to students to study science at schools, and supplying more science equipment to schools. Based on findings from research conducted in Kwazulu-Natal, we conclude that each of these policy initiatives can be questioned. First, Kwazulu-Natal appears to have sufficient qualified physical science teachers to meet current demand. Additional teachers may be needed to cope with expansion, but not to teach existing students. Second, apparent shortages of qualified teachers may arise because of poor deployment; many who are qualified appear to be teaching other subjects or occupying nonteaching posts. Third, rapidly expanding access appears likely to reduce, rather than increase, pass rates, and divert resources from improvements in quality. Fourth, the reasons for differences in performance and poor performance appear not to be simply associated with levels of resource provision; more likely it is the efficient and effective use of these resources which is important. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 729–744, 1998. 相似文献
12.
不同国家依据市场准则对高等教育进行调整,这些调整导致了新的社会阶层——学生消费者的产生,从而影响了高等教育的性质、目的和价值观。政府支持学生消费者权利的重要尝试体现在高校与学生的合约中,这些合约规定了学生期望获得服务的水平以及他们为之应尽的义务。作者运用布迪厄的理论框架分析了高校的组织特征和运作机制,关注其对学生学习过程和教师学术行为的影响。高校为提高市场运作而提供了很多生产和服务信息,通过研究这些信息,作者发现高校常常营造一种特殊形象向即将升学的学生进行宣传,这种形象同时也调整着在校生的预期。这说明信息并非中立,而往往能构建起学生体验的独特概念,影响着学生的身份并强化了学生作为消费者的地位。就此而言,我们认为在变革了的社会经济政治环境中,高等教育作为公共产品与私人产品的平衡被重建了。在学术与政策层面,对消费主义的关注为大学注入了外在驱动的实用主义目标,从而强化了当前将高等教育看作私人投资的观念。 相似文献
13.
Robert M. Klassen Rosemary Y. Foster Sukaina Rajani Carley Bowman 《International Journal of Educational Research》2009,48(6):381-394
This article presents a mixed methods examination of teachers’ job beliefs in the Yukon Territory in northern Canada. In Study 1 we used questionnaires to examine job beliefs for 221 teachers from the Yukon and western Canada. Teachers’ self- and collective efficacy and workload stress were lower for Yukon teachers, but levels of overall stress and satisfaction were similar across settings. In Study 2 we conducted interviews to examine how geographical, community, and cultural factors were related to Yukon teachers’ job beliefs. Results showed that job stress and job satisfaction were influenced by physical and human geography, level of connection with the community, and by the community's cultural transitions. The findings highlight the influence of cultural and community factors on teachers’ working lives. 相似文献
14.
Ashraf Kagee Anthony V. Naidoo Sherine Van Wyk 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2003,25(4):225-233
While political conflicts in many countries have resulted in large-scale destruction and loss of life, South Africa has been successful in avoiding a violent conflict following the demise of apartheid. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) has been seen as an important mechanism contributing to South Africa's successful management of its political challenges. Yet, the legacy of apartheid continues beyond the work of the TRC, and several social problems such as poverty, unemployment, crime, and substance abuse continue to affect many South African communities. Psychology is uniquely poised to assist in addressing these social problems and in contributing to the development of a community of peace. Academic psychology departments have responded by implementing an undergraduate programme aimed at training professional counsellors to respond to community needs in post-apartheid South Africa. This paper surveys the present political landscape in South Africa, examines the work of the TRC as a psychological change catalyst and peace building mechanism, and calls attention to the role of psychology in contributing to national development. 相似文献
15.
The serum PSA is universally accepted as the useful and clinically relevant tumor marker for monitoring therapy and identifying
early recurrence in patients of carcinoma prostate throughout the world. However, application of serum PSA is limited to screening
for early adenocarcinoma prostate among males above fifty years of age.
Serum PSA concentration varies from one population to another in different parts of the world. Many groups of workers have
selected 4 ng/ml of serum PSA as upper limit of normal range without giving due consideration for age specific increase in
serum PSA. There is no single report available on normal decade wise age specific reference intervals for serum PSA in Indian
males.
The present study is undertaken to establish age specific reference intervals in healthy Indian males from 20–89 years belonging
to subpopulation of Andhra Pradesh from South India. Our results revealed lowest concentration of 95 percentile serum PSA
in Indian males compared to other populations globally. Contrary to this, healthy Afro Americans were found to have highest
concentration of serum PSA compared to all other populations. 相似文献
16.
T. Malati G. Rajani Kumari B. Yadagiri V. Shanta Ram K. S. Ratnakar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1996,11(1):77-80
A 67 years old male patient presented with skeletal metastasis and an unidentified primary neoplasm was referred to department of Biochemistry, NIMS for estimation of tumor markers. High values of CA-19-9, CEA and repeated biopsy reviews identified primary malignancy in gall bladder. 相似文献
17.
Academic procrastination of undergraduates: Low self-efficacy to self-regulate predicts higher levels of procrastination 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert M. Klassen Lindsey L. Krawchuk Sukaina Rajani 《Contemporary educational psychology》2008,33(4):915-931
This article reports two studies exploring the academic procrastination of 456 undergraduates. Study 1 explores the relationships among academic procrastination, self-regulation, academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-efficacy for self-regulation. Results reveal that although other self-variables are related to procrastination, self-efficacy for self-regulation is most predictive of procrastination tendencies. Study 2 examines academic and motivation characteristics of “negative procrastinators,” the undergraduates who are most adversely influenced by procrastination. The 25% of 195 participants in Study 2 who were classified as negative procrastinators had significantly lower GPAs, higher levels of daily and task procrastination, lower predicted and actual class grades, and lower self-efficacy for self-regulation. After controlling for GPA, daily procrastination and self-efficacy for self-regulation significantly predicted the negative impact of procrastination. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance that self-efficacy for self-regulation holds for procrastination research, and with suggestions for practitioners who work with students who are adversely affected by procrastination. 相似文献
18.
P. M. Alexander M. Holmner H. H. Lotriet M. C. Matthee H. V. Pieterse S. Naidoo H. Twinomurinzi D. Jordaan 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(3):300-315
The number of student enrolments in computer-related courses remains a serious concern worldwide with far reaching consequences.
This paper reports on an extensive survey about career choice and associated motivational factors amongst new students, only
some of whom intend to major in computer-related courses, at two South African universities. The data were analyzed using
some components of Social Cognitive Career Theory, namely external influences, self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations.
The research suggests the need for new strategies for marketing computer-related courses and the avenues through which they
are marketed. This can to some extent be achieved by studying strategies used by other (non-computer) university courses,
and their professional bodies. However, there are also distinct differences, related to self-efficacy and career outcomes,
between the computer majors and the ‘other’ group and these need to be explored further in order to find strategies that work
well for this group. It is not entirely clear what the underlying reasons are for these differences but it is noteworthy that
the perceived importance of “Interest in the career field” when choosing a career remains very high for both groups of students. 相似文献
19.
David Naidoo 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2018,22(6):622-637
Following the birth of South Africa's democracy there has been an increasing number of foreign students entering the country. In the main, students from a very unstable African continent see South African tertiary institutions as a beacon of hope in achieving academic capital. Due to their monetary value, foreign students are welcomed into educational institutions, creating the perception that foreigners are academically and socially included. However, spatial access is not necessarily synonymous with inclusion. This article captures the experiences of inclusion, exclusion and marginalisation of a cohort of African international students at a private higher education institution in Johannesburg, South Africa. The study argues that the nature of educational inclusion is more multi-faceted than bi-directional with issues of power, overtly or subtly affecting student experience. Students’ constructs of inclusion extend beyond formal acceptance and presence in lecture venues, to experiences of marginalisation, exclusion and alienation by both staff and peers. These experiences reinforce the students’ vulnerability in terms of academic success as well as social acceptance. Management teams at educational institutions have the responsibility to provide adequate support to foreign students who view themselves as ‘strangers in a new world?…?’ 相似文献
20.
Ashraf Kagee Eun-Jung Suh Anthony V. Naidoo 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2004,26(3):313-320
Despite its successes in the United States and Europe, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has a short history in South Africa. Local cultural realities and social conditions have been cited as obstacles to the implementation of CBT at community health centres. Yet, CBT's successes in ameliorating a variety of psychological conditions, including symptoms of PTSD, necessitate examination of its relevance and applicability in South African communities. The present study reports on counsellors' attitudes and opinions to CBT for the treatment of psychological trauma. We presented a two-day workshop on CBT and assessed counsellors' opinions and attitudes prior to and following the workshop. Results are discussed in the context of the high rate of traumatic events that occur in South African communities. 相似文献