Self-selected or imposed exercise? A different approach for affective comparisons     

Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira  Andréa Camaz Deslandes  Fábio Yuzo Nakamura  Bruno Ferreira Viana 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(8):777-785

The aim of this study was to compare the psychological and physiological responses of self-selected and imposed sessions of equivalent intensities and durations and allowing to participants a free control of pace during the self-selected session. Seventeen participants completed three sessions on a cycle ergometer. Participant’s VO_2Peak and lactate threshold were measured during an incremental exercise test. During the second and third sessions, participants could view a virtual cyclist on a monitor. During the self-selected session, participants were allowed free control of the intensity and duration. To ensure that the imposed session replicated the self-selected session in intensity, participants were instructed to follow an additional virtual cyclist, which was displayed on a monitor using the CompuTrainer 3D software. Power output and physiological and psychological variables were recorded during the sessions. A two-way ANOVA showed no effect of condition for power output (P = 0.940), heart rate (HR) (P = 0.965), VO₂ (P = 0.898), blood lactate (P = 0.667), Feeling Scale (P = 0.877), Felt Arousal Scale (P = 0.924) and CR100 (P = 0.939). A paired t-test showed no significant difference in Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale scores between sessions (P = 0.054). In contrast to previous studies, the self-selected session did not provide better affective responses than the imposed session with same intensity and duration.  相似文献   

Resistance to classroom observation in the context of teacher evaluation: teachers’ and department heads’ experiences and perspectives     

Jorge Ávila de Lima  Maria João Tavares Silva 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2018,30(1):7-26

This paper reports the main findings of a study that sought to understand how teachers and department heads perceived and experienced the implementation of a classroom observation system in a teacher evaluation context. The data was collected through a teacher and department head survey and interviews with department heads who were responsible for classroom observation. The findings show that respondents regarded classroom observation as an inadequate teacher evaluation instrument. It was also viewed as one of the features of the teacher evaluation system that least contributed to the teachers’ professional development. Department heads felt torn between their intermediate management role as teacher observers and their professional role as teacher peers. Cultural norms of individual professional autonomy that regulated relations among colleagues prevented department heads from using information, gathered through classroom observation, to nourish in-depth professional discussions about concrete educational practices.  相似文献   

The continuous nature of timing reprogramming in an interceptive task     

Teixeira LA  Lima Edos S  Franzoni MM 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(9):943-950

The time course of movement timing reprogramming was examined in a task requiring temporal coincidence of the conclusion of a forehand drive with the arrival of a moving luminous target at the end of an electronic trackway. The moving target departed from one end of the trackway at a constant velocity of 2 m (.) s(-1), and for a part of the trials its velocity was increased to 3 m (.) s(-1). Target velocity was modified at different moments during stimulus displacement, producing times-to-arrival after velocity increment (TAVIs) from 100 to 600 ms. The effect of specific practice on movement reprogramming was also examined. The results showed early adjustments to the action (TAVIs = 100 - 200 ms) that seemed to be stereotyped, while feedback-based corrections were implemented only at TAVIs of 300 ms or longer. Temporal accuracy was progressively increased as longer TAVIs were provided up to 600 ms. Skill training led to an overall increment of temporal accuracy, but no effect of specific practice was found. The results indicate that timing reprogramming in interceptive actions is a continuous process limited mainly by intrinsic factors: latency to initiate more effective adjustments to the action, and rate-of-movement timing reprogramming.  相似文献   

What’s next for Ed-Tech? Critical hopes and concerns for the 2020s     

Neil Selwyn  Thomas Hillman  Rebecca Eynon  Giselle Ferreira  Jeremy Knox  Felicitas Macgilchrist 《Learning, Media and Technology》2020,45(1):1-6

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From the Theories of Social and Cultural Reproduction to the Theory of Resistance     

João Viegas Fernandes 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1988,9(2):169-180

The aim of this article is to articulate the theory of resistance with the theories of social and cultural reproduction, within the boundaries of the new sociology of education. Starting from the concepts of classification and framing developed by Basil Bernstein and of Pierre Bourdieu's social camp, the author defines some concepts which, in his opinion, are basic to establish the theory of resistance with conceptual rigour and analytical capacity. It will thus be possible to constitute a referential theoretical matrix for the development of counter‐hegemonic curricula, teaching materials and pedagogical practices, whose objective is to oppose the schools’ social and cultural reproduction in its different forms (of class, race, ethnic groups and gender), at its two levels—the reproduction of the sexual and social division of labour and of the inculcation of the dominant ideologies.  相似文献   

Alternative Conceptions: Turning Adversity into Advantage     

Ferreira  Annalize  Lemmer  Miriam  Gunstone  Richard 《Research in Science Education》2019,49(3):657-678

Research in Science Education - While a vast body of research has identified difficulties in students’ understanding about forces and acceleration and their related alternative conceptions,...  相似文献   

The Influence of Water Activity and Air Movement in Preventing Mould in Historic Materials     

Morena Ferreira  Josep Grau-Bove  Luca Mazzei  Nigel Blades  Tobit Curteis  Hector Altamirano 《文物保护研究》2018,63(5):348-350

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A Starch-Milk Paste Enables the Incorporation of Ripened Cheese in Novel Fresh Cheese     

Elpiniki Palyvou-Gianna  Tatiana Paula Vilela  Ana Maria Gomes  Joo Paulo Ferreira 《Food Technology and Biotechnology》2021,59(4):507

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Differences in maturity,morphological and physical attributes between players selected to the primary and secondary teams of a Portuguese Basketball elite academy     

Sérgio Ramos  Anna Volossovitch  António Paulo Ferreira  Isabel Fragoso  Luís Massuça 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(15):1681-1689

The present study aims (i) to compare the maturational, morphological and fitness attributes of young basketball players of primary and secondary teams of an elite basketball academy, and (ii) to identify the set of morphological and fitness attributes which better discriminate the players from the two teams. A total of 116 male basketball players of an elite basketball academy were divided into primary (team A) and secondary (team B) teams in two age groups (U-14 and U-16). All the players were evaluated during two consecutive seasons and data related to players’ practice experience, maturational, morphological and fitness attributes were collected at the beginning of the competition period. The results of the study suggest that: (i) in both age categories, team A players were older, more mature, bigger in size and had greater fitness profiles than team B players; (ii) stature and abdominal resistance were identified as discriminant attributes for youth basketball player performance; (iii) aerobic capacity for U-14 and agility for U-16 were identified as specific discriminant attributes for performance in youth basketball. Coaches are recommended to avoid premature talent identification and provide players with opportunities to progress through the talent pathway, at least until U-16 age category.  相似文献   

Are muscle activation patterns altered during shod and barefoot running with a forefoot footfall pattern?     

Ulysses Fernandes Ervilha  Luis Mochizuki  Aylton Figueira Jr.  Joseph Hamill 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(17):1697-1703

This study aimed to investigate the activation of lower limb muscles during barefoot and shod running with forefoot or rearfoot footfall patterns. Nine habitually shod runners were asked to run straight for 20 m at self-selected speed. Ground reaction forces and thigh and shank muscle surface electromyographic (EMG) were recorded. EMG outcomes (EMG intensity [iEMG], latency between muscle activation and ground reaction force, latency between muscle pairs and co-activation index between muscle pairs) were compared across condition (shod and barefoot), running cycle epochs (pre-strike, strike, propulsion) and footfall (rearfoot and forefoot) by ANOVA. Condition affected iEMG at pre-strike epoch. Forefoot and rearfoot strike patterns induced different EMG activation time patterns affecting co-activation index for pairs of thigh and shank muscles. All these timing changes suggest that wearing shoes or not is less important for muscle activation than the way runners strike the foot on the ground. In conclusion, the guidance for changing external forces applied on lower limbs should be pointed to the question of rearfoot or forefoot footfall patterns.  相似文献