Training effects on contrafreeloading in rats housed in operant chambers     

Robert D. Tarte  Charles T. Rasmussen 《Learning & behavior》1979,7(1):69-74

Four rats were trained to press a bar for food pellets and then were housed in operant chambers for 6 continuous days of choice-testing between obtaining pellets freely or by barpressing. There were two additional 3-day choice periods following more barpress training. It was found that (1) animals preferred to secure food by barpressing when initially placed in the choice situation and immediately following additional barpress training; (2) there was a subsequent decrease to very low levels of response-dependent food taken during choice testing; and (3) opening the chambers for daily maintenance during choice-testing caused a temporary increase in barpressing for food. Thus the previously reported stability of high rates of barpressing in the presence of free food is, at least in part, dependent upon short testing sessions.  相似文献   

Using developmental evaluation as a design thinking tool for curriculum innovation in professional higher education     

Simon N. Leonard  Robert N. Fitzgerald  Geoffrey Riordan 《高等教育研究与发展》2016,35(2):309-321

This paper argues for the use of ‘developmental’ evaluation as a design-based research tool for sustainable curriculum innovation in professional higher education. Professional education is multi-faceted and complex with diverse views from researchers, professional practitioners, employers and the world of politics leaving little consensus about the nature of educational ‘problems’, let alone educational ‘solutions’. Developmental evaluation is an emerging approach to evaluating innovations and/or organisations that are in a continuous state of change; it asks the evaluators to not simply appraise a final design, but to work with designers through processes of rapid reconnaissance, mapping the territory and emergent modelling. This paper provides an account of how the adoption of the dispositions and approaches of developmental evaluation increased the trustworthiness of decision-making in the design of a new post-graduate teacher education degree in Australia. The principles of developmental evaluation as a design thinking approach have application in other complex curriculum settings.  相似文献   

High school students presenting science: An interactional sociolinguistic analysis     

Robert Bleicher 《科学教学研究杂志》1994,31(7):697-719

Presenting science is an authentic activity of practicing scientists. Thus, effective communication of science is an important skill to nurture in high school students who are learning science. This study examines strategies employed by high school students as they make science presentations; it assesses students' conceptual understandings of particular science topics through their presentations and investigates gender differences. Data are derived from science presentation given by eight high school students, three females and five males who attended a summer science program. Data sources included videotaped presentations, ethnographic fieldnotes, interviews with presenters and members of the audience, and presenter notes and overheads. Presentations were transcribed and submitted to discourse analysis from an interactional sociolinguistic perspective. This article focuses on the methodology employed and how it helps inform the above research questions. The author argues that use of this methodology leads to findings that inform important social-communicative issues in the learning of science. Practical advice for teaching students to present science, implications for use of presentations to assess conceptual learning, and indications of some possible gender differences are discussed.  相似文献   

A comparison of structured and unstructured modes of teaching science process activities     

Robert K. Crocker  Kevin R. Bartlett  Harry G. Elliott 《科学教学研究杂志》1976,13(3):267-274

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Visualization of Twitter Data in the Classroom     

Betsy Page Sigman  William Garr  Robert Pongsajapan  Marie Selvanadin  Mindy McWilliams  Kristin Bolling 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2016,14(4):362-381

The expression “big data” is ubiquitous in the business world today, but few undergraduate business students have the opportunity to gain practical experience with how new business analytics tools can be used in decision making. This article describes a set of hands‐on labs that prepare students to incorporate streaming data analysis into group research projects. Splunk is used to help students analyze and visualize streaming social media data. An evaluation of student projects and student survey results show that this practical approach of training students to manipulate and visualize big data was largely successful in achieving instructional goals.  相似文献   

Learner control of instructional sequencing within an adaptive tutorial CAI environment     

Robert J. Seidel  Harold Wagner  Richard D. Rosenblatt  Michael J. Hillelsohn  John Stelzer 《Instructional Science》1978,7(1):37-80

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A conceptual framework for comparing instructional design models     

Gerald S. Edmonds  Robert C. Branch  Prachee Mukherjee 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1994,42(4):55-72

Instructional design (ID) professionals typically employ models that guide their practice. However, it is unclear how a specific model is selected for an instructional situation. Andrews and Goodson (1980) provided a valuable procedure for comparing instructional design models, but because of the proliferation of variations in instructional design applications during the past decade, the introduction of instructional design into new learning contexts and the emergence of alternative approaches to instructional design, there has emerged a need for a new framework which assesses the potential success of any instructional design model. A framework is presented here which is intended to provide a conceptual tool for determining appropriate instructional design applications.  相似文献   

Retrospective Integration of Research Conducted on a Multi-Section Educational Psychology Course over a Fifteen-Year Period     

Robert L. Williams 《Innovative Higher Education》2017,42(3):207-224

This article integrates a series of studies conducted over a 15-year period in a multi-section educational course taught by the same supervising professor and his GTAs . The purpose of each study was to determine whether particular interventions or student characteristics affected performance levels in the course. Over the extended period of research, approximately 6000 undergraduate students, with 25 to 55 students in each of more than 200 sections, participated in a variety of research projects related to student performance in the course. The principal research themes addressed were (1) critical thinking, (2) additional cognitive measures (e.g., initial course knowledge, generic vocabulary), (3) class participation, (4) in-class writing activities, and (5) cooperative learning.  相似文献   

Treatment and ATI effects for pupil achievement and preference under two experimental conditions of teacher control in sixth grade science classes     

Robert K. Crocker  Roda P. Amaria  Helen Banfield  Douglas B. Sheppard 《科学教学研究杂志》1979,16(2):105-121

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The development, validation, and applicability of The Personnel Evaluation Standards     

Robert L. Linn  Margret Buchmann  Bruce Gould  Thomas Kellaghan  Dal Lawrence  Phil C. Robinson  Perry Zirkel 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》1989,2(3):199-214

Michigan State UniversityAir Force Human Resources Laboratory  相似文献