Why are hyperactivity and academic achievement related?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Saudino KJ  Plomin R 《Child development》2007,78(3):972-986

Although a negative association between hyperactivity and academic achievement is well documented, little is known about the genetic and/or environmental mechanisms responsible for the association. The present study explored links between parent and teacher ratings of hyperactive behavior problems and teacher-assessed achievement in a sample of 1,876 twin pairs (mean age 7.04 years). The results did not differ across rater, nor were there significant differences between males or females or for twins in the same or different classrooms. Hyperactivity was significantly correlated with achievement. Multivariate model-fitting analyses revealed significant genetic and nonshared environmental covariance between the two phenotypes. In addition, bivariate heritabilities were substantial, indicating that the phenotypic correlations between hyperactivity and achievement were largely mediated by genetic influences.  相似文献   

Cognitive brain potentials in kindergarten children with subtyped risks of reading retardation     

Bakker DJ  Van Strien JW  Licht R  Smit-Glaudé SW 《Annals of dyslexia》2007,57(1):99-111

Cognition-related brain responses to meaningful and meaningless figures were registered in 5-year-old kindergarten children who either had been subtyped as being at-risk of developing an L- or P-type dyslexia (LAL versus LAP) or who were not at-risk. While identifying, naming, or categorizing pictures, event-related potentials (ERP) were registered. Three cognition-related components were found: the N460, the P780, and the Slow Wave (SW). LAP-children produced weak N460 activity across tasks, whereas LAL children, and to a lesser degree, non-risk children produced robust task-dependent activity. This finding may indicate that LAP-children lack semantic input while processing the figures. P780 latencies to frequently occurring figures were found hemisphere-dependent: LAP-children showed longer latencies in the right than in the left hemisphere, whereas the distribution was reversed in the LAL and non-risk children. It was also found that the right hemisphere is generally responsible for a lion's share of the processing of figures and therefore it seems that the right hemisphere of LAP-children invests ample time in doing so. Whereas LAP-children showed largest SW amplitude differences between frequent and infrequent stimuli at posterior locations, LAL children did so at frontal locations. Assuming that the SW represents working-memory processes, it may be that working-memory in LAP-children deals with figure-relevant visual-spatial information and with figure-derived concepts in LAL children. Overall, the findings suggest that LAL and LAP represent two different groups of kindergartners at risk of dyslexia and that these differences, to some degree, fit with the presumed etiology of L- and P-type dyslexia.  相似文献   

Retooling Education: Testing and the Liberal Arts     

Robert L. Jackson 《Academic Questions》2007,20(4):332-346

The motivation and methodology for measuring intelligence have changed repeatedly in the modern history of large-scale student testing. Test makers have always sought to identify raw aptitude for cultivation, but they have never figured out how to promote excellence while preserving equality. They’ve settled for egalitarianism, which gives rise to “culturally fair” tests that substitute vagaries for knowledge, deprive students of any real appreciation for language, and trivialize education. Robert Jackson yearns for traditional oratorical approaches to schooling that venerate and imitate essential, time-tested masters. Unfortunately, he writes, such an education defies measurement with today’s multiple-choice instruments.

Robert L. JacksonEmail:

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Robert L. Jackson   is associate professor of English and education at The King’s College, New York, NY 10118; rjackson@tkc.edu.  相似文献   

An Entity Theory of Intelligence Predicts Higher Cortisol Levels When High School Grades Are Declining     

Hae Yeon Lee  Jeremy P. Jamieson  Adriana S. Miu  Robert A. Josephs  David S. Yeager 《Child development》2019,90(6):e849-e867

Grades often decline during the high school transition, creating stress. The present research integrates the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat with the implicit theories model to understand who shows maladaptive stress responses. A diary study measured declines in grades in the first few months of high school: salivary cortisol (N = 360 students, N = 3,045 observations) and daily stress appraisals (N = 499 students, N = 3,854 observations). Students who reported an entity theory of intelligence (i.e., the belief that intelligence is fixed) showed higher cortisol when grades were declining. Moreover, daily academic stressors showed a different lingering effect on the next day's cortisol for those with different implicit theories. Findings support a process model through which beliefs affect biological stress responses during difficult adolescent transitions.  相似文献   

Instructor Humor as a Moderator of Instructors’ Inappropriate Conversations and Instructional Dissent     

Robert J. Sidelinger  Nicholas T. Tatum 《College Teaching》2019,67(2):120-129

This study (N?=?326) was conducted to examine the associations among instructor humor, inappropriate conversations, and instructional dissent. First, results showed students are more likely to employ rhetorical dissent when they perceive their instructors as humorous in the classroom. Second, using expectancy violations theory as a guide, results also indicated that students’ perceptions of instructor-relevant humor moderated the relationships between enactment of inappropriate conversations and students’ expressive and vengeful dissent. These findings support the importance of employing relevant humor in course instruction, especially when instructors engage in inappropriate conversations in the college classroom.  相似文献   

The Effects of State Higher Education Policies and Institutions on Access by Economically Disadvantaged Students     

Lowry  Robert C. 《Research in higher education》2019,60(1):44-63

Research in Higher Education - Do state government policies and institutions promote access to postsecondary education by economically disadvantaged students? I analyze the number of state...  相似文献   

Particle movement and fluid behavior visualization using an optically transparent 3D-printed micro-hydrocyclone     

Maira Shakeel Syed  Fateme Mirakhorli  Christopher Marquis  Robert A. Taylor  Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani 《Biomicrofluidics》2020,14(6)

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Program reevaluation: The gifted controversy     

Robert G. Harrington  Wendy Neihart 《Psychology in the schools》1986,23(3):280-287

Gifted reevaluations consume an enormous amount of professional time and energy. The purpose of the present study was to survey gifted education teachers' and supervisors' perceptions of current gifted reevaluation practices. Results showed most gifted educators were not in agreement with the practice of using gifted reevaluations to reestablish program eligibility. Instead, they would prefer to get information relevant to program evaluation, program planning, and the need for additional services. Included among the alternatives suggested to replace the present gifted reevaluation practices were consideration of student work products, motivation, and interest; reports by parents and by regular and gifted education teachers; and monitoring the student progress made in achieving the goals of the individual educational program.  相似文献   

A Spot Test to Distinguish Formalin from Alcohol Solutions     

Robert Waller 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1987,30(3):240-249

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A program for teaching statistical process control to workers with limited mathematical skills: An intervention perspective     

R. Dean Davis  Donald R. Latham  Robert E. Pitts 《Performance Improvement》1985,24(2):22-24

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