Incidental word learning in a hearing child of deaf adults     

Brackenbury T  Ryan T  Messenheimer T 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2006,11(1):76-93

It is unclear how children develop the ability to learn words incidentally (i.e., without direct instruction or numerous exposures). This investigation examined the early achievement of this skill by longitudinally tracking the expressive vocabulary and incidental word-learning capacities of a hearing child of Deaf adults who was natively learning American Sign Language (ASL) and spoken English. Despite receiving only 20% of language input in spoken English, the child's expressive vocabularies at 16 and 20 months of age, in each language, were similar to those of monolingual age-matched peers. At 16 months of age, the child showed signs of greater proficiency in the incidental learning of novel ASL signs than she did for spoken English words. At 20 months of age, the child was skilled at incidental word learning in both languages. These results support the methodology as it applies to examining theoretical models of incidental word learning. They also suggest that bilingual children can achieve typical vocabulary levels (even with minimal input in one of the languages) and that the development of incidental word learning follows a similar trajectory in ASL and spoken English.  相似文献   

Costs on the Mind: The Influence of the Financial Burden of College on Academic Performance and Cognitive Functioning     

Mesmin Destin  Ryan C. Svoboda 《Research in higher education》2018,59(3):302-324

The current studies test the hypothesis that the financial burden of college can initiate a psychological process that has a negative influence on academic performance for students at selective colleges and universities. Prior studies linking high college costs and student loans to academic outcomes have not been grounded within relevant social psychological theory regarding how and when the financial burden of college can influence students’ psychological and cognitive processes. We test the hypothesis that the salient financial burden of college impairs students’ cognitive functioning, especially when it creates an identity conflict or perceived barrier to reaching a student’s desired financially successful future. First, we use longitudinal data from 28 selective colleges and universities to establish that students who accumulate student loan debt within these contexts are less likely to graduate from college because student loan debt predicts a decline in grades over time, even when controlling for factors related to socioeconomic status and prior achievement. Then, in an experiment, we advance research in this area with a direct, causal test of the proposed psychological process. An experimental manipulation that brings high college costs to mind impairs students’ cognitive functioning, but only when those thoughts create an identity conflict or a perceived barrier to reaching a student’s desired financially successful future.  相似文献   

Identifying attrition risk based on the first year experience     

Ryan Naylor  Chi Baik  Sophia Arkoudis 《高等教育研究与发展》2018,37(2):328-342

Using data collected from a recent national survey of Australian first-year students, this paper defines and validates four scales – belonging, feeling supported, intellectual engagement and workload stress – to measure the student experience of university. These scales provide insights into the university experience for both groups and individual students, to assist institutions in supporting and managing successful outcomes for their students. These data highlight the particular importance of a sense of belonging and mitigating workload stress to addressing attrition risk. Many traditional equity groups were found to only differ significantly from ‘traditional’ students on the stress scale. However, these groups potentially contain enormous individual variation, and even the average experiences of these groups reveal that complexity in the engagement, motivation and sense of belonging of students from equity backgrounds. Importantly, the scales presented in this paper can easily be used by practitioners, researchers and institutions to identify risk of attrition at an individual level based on attitudinal factors rather than background or behavioural factors. This may inform university strategy and practice to enhance the student experience and increase retention across the sector.  相似文献   

Mormon Missionaries and the Emergence of Modern Argentine Sport, 1938–1943     

Ryan A. Davis 《国际体育史杂志》2018,35(1):61-86

Abstract

In 1938, Mormon missionaries from North America, under the leadership of Frederick Salem Williams, formed an athletic club, Club Atlético Los Mormones (‘The Mormons Athletic Club’, CALM), in Buenos Aires, Argentina. CALM would sponsor professional teams in baseball, softball, and basketball, all bearing the name Los Mormones (‘The Mormons’). Los Mormones won three league championships in the four years they played baseball and four championships in the five years they played softball. Two of their basketball players would become national all-stars, one of whom would represent Argentina at the South American Championship in 1940. Williams served as president of the softball league and vice president of the baseball league. Los Mormones’ story is outlined and situated in relation to the various discourses that, woven together, constitute the cultural context of modern Argentine sport: physical culture and modernity, United States-Argentine relations, amateurism versus professionalism, and the spread of North American sports to Latin America.  相似文献   

The not-so-free agent: Non-performance factors that contribute to free agent compensation premiums     

Ryan P. Terry  Jeffrey E. McGee  Malcolm J. Kass 《Sport Management Review》2018,21(2):189-201

In this study, the authors examine Major League Baseball free agency to identify whether certain factors beyond a player’s on-field performance contribute to contract premiums. These premiums are considered to be the difference between the compensation a player receives in free agency and the marginal revenue product (MRP_t-1) in their contract year. Using 345 free agent transactions over a four-year period (2012–2015), the authors examine the relationships between potential free agent contract premiums and the attributes of a player’s previous team, as well as how contract premiums may be influenced by the level of interest from other teams and certain facets of the acquiring teams. Results suggest that free agents tend to receive compensation premiums when they played for a successful team during their contract year. Playing for a large-market team during their contract year also influenced contract premiums. In addition, free agents tended to realize compensations premiums when multiple teams were bidding for their services, the acquiring teams were in playoff contention the prior year, and the acquiring teams possessed relatively more financial resources. Findings shed additional light on how factors peripheral to a player’s on-field performance may influence the free agency market. Recommendations include that effective control mechanisms are necessary to ensure free agent compensation is commensurate with the value of the player.  相似文献   

Risk attitude assessment using roulette and a supply chain simulation     

Ryan Atkins  Matthew Drake 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2023,21(1):26-36

Many topics that are taught in supply chain management (SCM) programs include elements of variability and risk. With quantitative tools in particular, it is assumed that the decision makers using the tools are risk neutral, which is typically not the case in real-life decision situations. The topic of an individual's attitude toward risk has received limited attention in SCM literature and is not a high-profile topic in SCM textbooks. The teaching exercise presented in this paper uses two games—roulette and a SCM simulation—to provide students with an assessment of their own attitude toward risk, and in doing so, facilitates a classroom discussion of risk and risk attitude. These games were developed by the authors and can be played either within Excel or a web application.  相似文献   

How are feelings of difficulty and familiarity linked to learning behaviors and gains in a complex science learning task?     

Zhang  Yingbin  Paquette  Luc  Baker  Ryan S.  Bosch  Nigel  Ocumpaugh  Jaclyn  Biswas  Gautam 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2023,38(2):777-800

European Journal of Psychology of Education - The feelings of difficulty and familiarity (FOD and FOF) are two types of metacognitive experiences. Both may influence student engagement and the...  相似文献   

What works and what doesn't: Evaluation beyond kirkpatrick     

Roger Kaufman  John Keller  Ryan Watkins 《Performance Improvement》1996,35(2):8-12

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Assessing and evaluating: Differentiating perspectives     

Ryan Watkins  Roger Kaufman 《Performance Improvement》2002,41(2):22-28

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Why learning environment matters? An analysis on how the learning environment influences the academic motivation,learning strategies and engagement of college students     

Cayubit  Ryan Francis O. 《Learning Environments Research》2022,25(2):581-599

Learning Environments Research - The current work focused on how the learning environment of college students influenced their academic motivation, choice of learning strategies, and level of...  相似文献