Imitation in Infancy: Rational or Motor Resonance?     

Paulus M  Hunnius S  Vissers M  Bekkering H 《Child development》2011,82(4):1047-1057

The present study investigates the contribution of 2 mechanisms to imitation in infancy. The principle of rational action suggests that infants normatively evaluate the efficiency of observed actions. In contrast, it has been proposed that motor resonance (i.e., the mapping of others' actions onto one's own motor repertoire) plays a central role in imitation. This study tested 14-month-old infants (n = 95) in 5 conditions and manipulated the extent to which the observed actions could be matched onto the infants' own motor repertoire as well as whether the observed behavior appeared to be efficient. The results suggest that motor resonance plays a more central role in imitation in infancy than does a rational evaluation of the observed action.  相似文献   

School improvement through inspections? First empirical insights from Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kathrin Dedering  Sabine Müller 《Journal of Educational Change》2011,12(3):301-322

Since the late 1990s, broad discussions on education and educational quality have given impetus to the implementation of many new measures aimed at the improvement of schools in Germany. In this context, school inspections have been introduced in all 16 German federal states during the last 6 years. In the meantime, scientific research into the functioning of this steering instrument has begun. In this article, first empirical findings on the effects of school inspections in Germany are presented by drawing on a survey study with 468 principals of schools in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia that were externally evaluated during the years 2005 to 2008. Findings indicate that school inspection results are considered by a large group of stakeholders within schools and that they are discussed in different settings. In many schools, development measures have already been planned and implemented. Moreover, first effects are perceived in different fields. On the whole, findings agree with the results of two thematically related German studies but draw a less heterogeneous picture than the international research context.  相似文献   

Teaching visual texts with the multimodal analysis software     

Victor Lim Fei  Kay L. O’Halloran  Sabine Tan  Marissa K. L. E 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2015,63(6):915-935

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Medical students' perceptions of the body donor as a "first patient" or "teacher": a pilot study     

Bohl M  Bosch P  Hildebrandt S 《Anatomical sciences education》2011,4(4):208-213

University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS) students attending a seminar on the history and ethics of anatomical dissection were fascinated by a report on the dissection room experience in Thailand that relates the body donor's status as a teacher. The students felt that they had naturally adopted the "body as teacher" approach in their dissection course, rather than the "body as first patient" approach that is encouraged by faculty. It was decided to explore the question whether other medical students shared these perceptions. A questionnaire was sent out to all UMMS students who had finished the anatomical dissection course. One hundred twenty-eight responses from a population of 500 students were received. Results indicate that students believe the "body as teacher" approach is more effective in engendering respect and empathy towards the body and towards future patients, and in facilitating students' emotional development. Students also reported wanting a more personal relationship with their donors. Eighty four percent of students preferred the "body as teacher" approach to the currently taught "body as first patient" approach. The results support the hypothesis that students' desired closer personal relationship with donors might be better facilitated by the "body as teacher" approach, and that this closer relationship engenders empathy and respect towards the donor and future patients. A new model for anatomy programs could introduce the donor first as a teacher and later transition into viewing the donor as a patient.  相似文献   

Job tasks and the participation of low-skilled employees in employer-provided continuing training in Germany     

Sabine Mohr  Klaus Troltsch  Christian Gerhards 《Journal of Education & Work》2016,29(5):562-583

This study analyses the participation of low-skilled employees in employer-provided training and examines the mechanisms that encourage the training participation of low-skilled employees. Building on theoretical considerations of human capital theory and the task-based approach, we seek to show that job tasks play an important role in explaining different participation levels of low-skilled employees in employer-provided continuing training. The empirical analyses are based on data from the new survey on establishments in Germany. To test the influence of job tasks on participation of low-skilled employees in employer-provided training, we run multivariate regression models that control for other explanatory variables. The results of our analysis confirm that job tasks are relevant to changes in the participation rates of low-skilled employees, which leads to the conclusion that differences between job tasks affect employers’ willingness to invest in training for their low-skilled staff.  相似文献   

Relations between early majority language and socioemotional development in children with different language backgrounds     

Wei Huang  Sabine Weinert  Anna Volodina 《Child development》2024,95(3):895-912

This study explored whether the directionality of the relation between majority language and various facets of socioemotional development (three to 5 years old) differs between children with different language backgrounds. 12,951 children (49% girls; 85% White, 6% Pakistani and Bangladeshi, 3% Black, 3% Mix, 2% Indian) from the British Millennium Cohort Study (2001–2006) were included in two-time-point cross-lagged analyses. Models controlling for important covariates found a bidirectional association for monolinguals (βs = .05, −.07, −.04), a unidirectional effect of majority language on socioemotional difficulties for dual language learners (DLLs) speaking English and minority language(s) at home (β = .14), and a unidirectional effect of socioemotional strength on majority language for DLLs speaking only minority language(s) at home (β = −.17).  相似文献   

Phenoxyethanol-Based Embalming for Anatomy Teaching: An 18 Years' Experience with Crosado Embalming at the University of Otago in New Zealand     

Brynley Crosado  Sabine Löffler  Benjamin Ondruschka  Ming Zhang  Johann Zwirner  Niels Hammer 《Anatomical sciences education》2020,13(6):778-793

Embalming fixatives such as formaldehyde and phenol have been associated with occupational health hazards. While anatomists aim at replacing these chemicals, this seems presently unfeasible in particular for formaldehyde. Furthermore, fixation protocols usually require well-equipped facilities with highly experienced staff to achieve good fixation results in spite of only a minimal use of formaldehyde. Combining these aspects, a technique robust enough to be carried out by morticians is presented, resulting in durable tissues with minimal formaldehyde use. An embalming protocol involving phenoxyethanol was established, using concentrations of 7 and 1.5 Vol% of phenoxyethanol in the fixative and the conservation fluid, respectively. Visual, haptic, histological, and biomechanical properties and their perceived potential to positively influence student learning outcomes were compared to standard embalming techniques. The phenoxyethanol technique provides esthetic, durable, and odorless tissues. Bleaching is less pronounced compared to ethanol- or formaldehyde-based protocols. The tissues remain pliable following the phenoxyethanol-based embalming and can be used for biomechanical experiments to some extent. Phenoxyethanol-fixed tissues are well suited for undergraduate teaching with perceived positive learning outcomes and partly for postgraduate training. Phenoxyethanol tissues provide the option to obtain well-preserved histology samples, similar to those derived from formaldehyde. The provided protocol helps replace the use of phenol and formaldehyde for conservation purposes and minimizes the use of formaldehyde for the initial injection fixation. Phenoxyethanol-based embalming forms an effective alternative to standard embalming techniques for human cadavers. It is simple to use, allowing fixation procedures to be carried out in less sophisticated facilities with non-anatomy staff.  相似文献   

3. Frank-Rüdiger Jach: Schulverfassung und Bürgergesellschaft in Europa     

Sabine Hornberg  Peter J. Weber 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2000,3(4):633-634

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Organic patinas on Renaissance and Baroque bronzes–Interpretation of compositions of the original patination by using a set of simulated varnished bronze coupons     

Vclav Pitthard  Richard Stone  Sabine Stanek  Martina Griesser  Claudia-Kryza-Gersch  Helene Hanzer 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2011,12(1):44-53

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Integrating action learning in an organisational development process: facilitating members of an ‘expert culture’ in an industrial organisation in Germany     

Sabine Wegner-Kirchhoff 《Action Learning: Research and Practice》2013,10(2):160-167

This account of practice will focus the different strategic steps to implement action learning (AL) in an industrial context where managers as experts are used to solve problems and not to ask questions. It will look at the experience of an AL facilitator working with a set of young engineers from different working groups who want to improve the cooperation within and between the groups.  相似文献