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21.
We discuss the aspects of non-locality and nonseparability of states of composite quantum systems. The probabilistic nature of quantum mechanical predictions, and the impossibility of cloning, are shown to safeguard causality in the quantum world. An example of a game which can be won exploiting quantum entanglement, but which can never be won classically, is described.  相似文献   
22.
We discuss the significance of Einstein’s second postulate of the special theory of relativity (STR) stipulating the constancy of the speed of light in vacuum. The causality that follows from the STR may be a more general principle to organize our knowledge of all phenomena. In particular, quantum dynamics can be derived using the causality principle. Causality does not prohibit quantum mechanics to be non-local, and this has implications in the real world.  相似文献   
23.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5), requires that symptoms of ADHD must be developmentally inappropriate in order for an ADHD diagnosis to be considered. Because the DSM‐5 does not specifically outline procedure for determining developmental inappropriateness of behaviors, practitioners do not have guidance for making this consideration. To explore the relationship between mental age and behavior ratings of ADHD symptoms, the cognitive and behavioral data from 50 children who were evaluated in a school or clinic were compiled for this study. Cognitive ability scores were used to calculate mental age and behavior rating scores were then recalculated using the assessed mental age. Using the recalculated behavior ratings, scores based on mental age decreased significantly on the Attention Problems, Hyperactivity, and Atypicality scales of the BASC‐2. Additionally, as the discrepancy between mental and chronological age increased, larger differences in scores were found.  相似文献   
24.
Large numbers of children regularly experience educational disruption because of natural disasters. Donor and rehabilitation agencies, using an ‘emergency education’ framework, have usually addressed the immediate needs of such children and longer-term educational reconstruction. However, the imperative of continuous educational access to all children, and the need for resource and curricular policies to deal with frequent disruption, call for the inclusion of an emergency education dimension in traditional educational policy. This article outlines the features of such a dimension by drawing on the experiences of an earthquake rehabilitation effort in India (2001-02). Policies that target an improved post-crisis educational system create an opportunity to redress past disadvantages. Helping local educational institutions build capacities in curriculum development and continuing education of emergency personnel is crucial. Some new features highlighted include tracking local demographic shifts with the help of local leaders and the use of innovative teachers to handle children’s immediate recreational needs. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
25.
IntroductionInrecentyears,improvingthewearlifeofAl-basedalloyscomponentsinheavysurfacecontactconditionsbytheapplicationofmicroplasmaoxidation(MPO)coatingshasprovensuccessfulundertechnicalandeconomicconsideration.MPOtechnologyhasrecentlybeentakenasarapid,novelandeffectivemeanstoprovidethickceramiccoatingswithexcellenthardnessandload-bearingcapacityforlightalloymaterials,particularlyaluminumalloys[1].TheMPO,alsocalledplasmaelectrolyticoxidation(PEO),isanadvancedtechnologyforroutineanodizing…  相似文献   
26.
Effects of thyroidectomy (Tx) and subsequent treatment with 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3), and combined treatment (TR) with T3 + thyroxine (T4) on substrate kinetics properties of cytochrome oxidase of rat liver mitochondria were examined. Tx resulted in lowering of cytochromes content with decrease in the enzyme activity, and Km and Vmax. T3 and TR regimens restored the cytochromes contents and the Vmax values to normal. In control, T3 and TR groups the enzyme activity resolved in two kinetic components; in Tx group three kinetic components were evident. The Km values for all components decreased significantly in the experimental groups with concomitant increase in catalytic efficiency, Kcat/Km. Significant alterations in the contents of total phospholipid and of cholesterol were noted while the changes in the phospholipids composition were only of restricted nature. Regression analysis revealed that total phospholipid, cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine play significant role in fine tuning the enzyme activity.  相似文献   
27.
Samir Dukmak is an assistant professor in the Department of Special Education in the Faculty of Education at the United Arab Emirates University. The research reported in this article investigated the frequency, types of and reasons for student-initiated interactions in both regular and special education classrooms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These interactions were studied in relation to various variables, including levels of students' academic achievement, their gender, special educational needs and disability. Teacher-initiated interactions were also examined in the study. Eighteen boys and girls from two regular and two special education classrooms were observed. Various types of interaction were identified among students and the results reveal that boys in all groups initiated more interactions than girls, and that high-achieving boys and girls initiated more interactions than their low-achieving counterparts. The findings also reveal that teachers interacted differently with boys versus girls. The reasons prompting students to initiate classroom interaction are highlighted in this research.  相似文献   
28.
This paper examines the impact of pre-school education on learning achievement at primary level in Bangladesh. Evidence from learning achievement test and household and school-related data were obtained from 7093 pupils attending 440 primary schools in Bangladesh. Findings suggest that a small proportion (15.3%) of primary school pupils attended pre-school. Pupils from educated parents and well-off families were more likely to attend. In principle, however, attendance at pre-school did not predict later learning achievement at primary level, but a range of socio-demographic, school-related and additional educational factors did have an impact. It is concluded that further research is warranted to examine the quality of pre-school provision offered in Bangladesh and the qualifications of professionals working with young children in these centres.  相似文献   
29.
Evidence‐based practices (EBPs) receive little attention in counselor education curricula despite the ethical obligation for counselor educators to teach EBPs to counseling students. This study investigates counselor educators’ attitudes toward EBPs along with perceived barriers to the inclusion of EBPs in counselor education curricula.  相似文献   
30.
The magazine industry has succumbed to severe cutbacks in recent months but nevertheless is still a vibrant industry. In order to become a successful part of this industry, magazines must go through certain stages of life in which they meet with certain challenges. Surviving these stages is the mark of a truly auspicious publication, but surviving also means being able to adapt to market and readership changes.  相似文献   
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