Using Spacing to Enhance Diverse Forms of Learning: Review of Recent Research and Implications for Instruction     

Shana K. Carpenter  Nicholas J. Cepeda  Doug Rohrer  Sean H. K. Kang  Harold Pashler 《Educational Psychology Review》2012,24(3):369-378

Every day, students and instructors are faced with the decision of when to study information. The timing of study, and how it affects memory retention, has been explored for many years in research on human learning. This research has shown that performance on final tests of learning is improved if multiple study sessions are separated—i.e., “spaced” apart—in time rather than massed in immediate succession. In this article, we review research findings of the types of learning that benefit from spaced study, demonstrations of these benefits in educational settings, and recent research on the time intervals during which spaced study should occur in order to maximize memory retention. We conclude with a list of recommendations on how spacing might be incorporated into everyday instruction.  相似文献   

Intensity of parasitic infestation in silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix     

M. M. Alam  M. A. Khan  M. A. Hussain  D. Moumita  A. G. Mazlan  K. D. Simon 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(12):1024-1028

Silver carp, Hypopthalmichthys molitrix is one of the most economically valuable fish species in Bangladesh. However, its production is often hindered by parasite-induced mortality. The present study reports the intensity of parasitic infestation in 216 specimens of H. molitrix collected from different fish markets in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. Nine different parasite species (Trichodina pediculatus, Dactylogyrus vastator, Ichthyophthirius multifilis, Gyrodactylus elegans, Lernaea sp., Apiosoma sp., Myxobolus rohitae, Camallanus ophiocephali, and Pallisentis ophiocephali) were recovered from the gill, skin, stomach, and intestine of host fish. The highest level of infection was observed for host skin, while lower levels were observed for host gill, stomach, and intestine. The results also revealed that the intensity of parasite infection in different organs of H. molitrix varied with the season. In particular, the highest levels of infection were recorded during the winter period (November-February), when fish are most susceptible to parasites. The findings of the study will help in the management and conservation of H. molitrix.  相似文献   

Policy versus ground reality: secondary English language assessment system in Bangladesh     

Sharmistha Das  Prithvi Shrestha  Arifa Rahman  Rubina Khan 《Curriculum Journal》2014,25(3):326-343

Any policy reform in education is highly effective when it is planned and implemented ‘holistically’ and yet, it is the most challenging way forward. Many countries in Asia have reformed their English language policies and syllabi in the last two decades due to the increasing value of the language worldwide. Motivated by a ‘communicative approach’ to English language teaching, Bangladesh was one of the countries that launched such a reform in the 1990s. However, this reform has been criticised for imposing the changes on teachers without preparing them sufficiently. More importantly, there is limited evidence as to how much the secondary English language assessment system is aligned with the changes introduced in the curriculum. In order to explore this gap, a medium-scale study was conducted in 38 secondary schools in Bangladesh, following a mixed methods approach. The findings highlighted a ‘mismatch’ between the intended English language learning outcomes and current assessment practices, including the resulting challenges faced by the teachers. This paper argues that language education reform is likely to fail if the assessment system is not aligned with the curriculum.  相似文献   

Mentor reviewing: A retrospective on an experiment     

Mike Allen  Cynthia Cheng  Mariko Izumi  Shana Kopaczewski  Stacy Tye‐Williams  Kristi Wilkum 《Communication Studies》2013,64(4):530-534

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Dargah libraries in India: a comparative study     

Mohamed Taher  Amin Ahmed Khan  Muhammed Burhanuddin 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(4):337-345

This paper relates to the difficulty in retrieving precise information from big repositories of magazine articles in full text, and proposes an Extended Markup Language (XML) vocabulary for improving retrieval rates. The hypothesis tested was as follows: Magazine articles marked up with an XML vocabulary, indexed only by selected parts, give more precise search results than the same search using full text index.

The study was exploratory with the following characteristics: 29 magazine articles were tested for results, 8 scholars were interviewed for defining 23 search strategies and evaluating results. The data showed that precision improved from 40.72% with full text search to 62.84% using XML markup and searching only in specific labels.

Revision of the vocabulary and more testing has to be done by the library and information science community in order to obtain a valid vocabulary and provide more research results. Cultural characteristics and politics of librarians and information managers’ community are as important as technical issues in order to consider any technical proposal to be implemented successfully to achieve interoperability.  相似文献   

Use of digital resources by the scientists of Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), India: A survey     

Abdul Mannan Khan  Atika Khursheed 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(1-2):77-82

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Measuring Effectiveness and Efficiency of an Academic Library's Collection and Services of the Central Library,Allahabad University: Users’ Point of View     

Abdul Mannan Khan 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(1-2):31-40

The main purpose of this study is to know the users opinion regarding the adequacy of the library's collection and to analyze the level of users’ satisfaction about the library collection, organization, facilities, and services. A well-structured survey was administered to the faculty members, research scholars, and students of the Allahabad University Library to collect data. Data show that the majority of the respondents believess that not only does the library possess an average collection, but the overall library's function, i.e., library collection, organization of collection, attitude of library staff, services, and IT-based services, is also rated average.  相似文献   

The e-government research domain: A triple helix network analysis of collaboration at the regional,country, and institutional levels     

Gohar Feroz Khan  Han Woo Park 《Government Information Quarterly》2013

This study introduces a hybrid approach (i.e., a social network analysis technique and triple helix indicators) to study certain aspects of the e-government (EG) domain that would otherwise remain hidden when using conventional analytic tools. Particularly, we provide network analysis of the EG research domain by focusing on the network collaboration between regions, nations and institutions. We collected and analyzed 1091 scholarly papers which were classified as being about “e-government” by the Web of Science database. The results indicate that hybrid method can be used to understand certain network-level structures and patterns in the EG domain which are beyond the scope of the predominantly-used systematic literature review (SLR) method. Particularly, the hybrid method is useful in understanding collaboration patterns between countries, institutions and regions in the EG domain, identifying key players by studying their network properties (i.e., degree centralities); and in understanding the pattern of relations among universities, industries, and government. The implications of these results in terms of research and practice, and study limitations are discussed.  相似文献   

The use of public computing facilities by library patrons: demography,motivations, and barriers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kurt DeMaagd  Han Ei Chew  Guanxiong Huang  M. Laeeq Khan  Akshaya Sreenivasan  Robert LaRose 《Government Information Quarterly》2013

Public libraries play an important part in the development of a community. Today, they are seen as more than store houses of books; they are also responsible for the dissemination of online, and offline information. Public access computers are becoming increasingly popular as more and more people understand the need for internet access. Using a series of surveys conducted in 12 libraries across the state of Michigan, the current study is a step towards understanding why the computing facilities are widely used, and what are the motivations behind their use. In addition, barriers and other factors that hinder usage are also discussed. The findings from this study will help policy makers and library administrators evaluate the current allocation of scarce resources, help them promote greater use of the library's resources, and guide their future course of action. The study is conducted as part of a federally funded public computing center grant.  相似文献   

Schooling Japan's Imperial subjects in the early ShÔwa period     

Yoshimitsu Khan 《History of education》2013,42(3):213-223

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