Using a false biofeedback methodology to explore relationships between learners’ affect,metacognition, and performance     

Amber Chauncey Strain  Roger Azevedo  Sidney K. D’Mello 《Contemporary educational psychology》2013

We used a false-biofeedback methodology to manipulate physiological arousal in order to induce affective states that would influence learners’ metacognitive judgments and learning performance. False-biofeedback is a method used to induce physiological arousal (and resultant affective states) by presenting learners with audio stimuli of false heart beats. Learners were presented with accelerated, baseline, or no heart beat (control) while they completed a challenging learning task. We tested four hypotheses about the effect of false-biofeedback. The alarm vs. alert hypothesis predicted that false biofeedback would be appraised as either a signal of distress and would impair learning (alarm), or as a signal of engagement and would facilitate learning (alert). The differential biofeedback hypothesis predicted that the alarm and alert effects would be dependent on the type of biofeedback (accelerated vs. baseline). The question depth hypothesis predicted that these effects would be more pronounced for challenging inference questions. Lastly, the self vs. recording hypothesis predicted that effects would only occur if participants believed that false biofeedback was indicative of their own physiological arousal. In general, learners experienced more positive/activating affective states, made more confident metacognitive judgments, and achieved higher learning when they received accelerated or baseline biofeedback while answering a challenging inference question, irrespective of the perceived source of the biofeedback. Thus, our findings supported the alert and question depth hypotheses, but not the differential biofeedback or self vs. recording hypotheses. Implications of the findings for the integration of affective processes into models of cognitive and metacognitive processes during learning are discussed.  相似文献   

Changes in swimming technique during time to exhaustion at freely chosen and controlled stroke rates     

Morgan Alberty  François Potdevin  Jeanne Dekerle  Patrick Pelayo  Philippe Gorce  Michel Sidney 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1191-1200

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess technical changes during constrained swimming in time-to-exhaustion tests. Ten swimmers of national standard performed a maximal 400-m front crawl and two sets of exhaustion tests at 95%, 100%, and 110% of mean 400-m speed. In the first set (free), swimmers had to maintain their speeds until exhaustion and mean stroke rate was recorded for each test. In the second set (controlled), the same speed and individual corresponding stroke rate were imposed. The durations of the exhaustion tests, relative durations of the stroke phases, and arm coordination were analysed. For each speed in the “controlled” set, the exhaustion tests were shorter. Moreover, variables were consistent, suggesting a stabilization of stroke technique. Under the free condition, stroke rate increased to compensate for the decrease in stroke length. At the same time, swimmers reduced the relative duration of their non-propulsive phases in favour of the propulsive phases. Thus, swimmers changed their arm coordination, which came close to an opposition mode. These two constraints enable swimmers both to maintain their stroking characteristics and develop compensatory mechanisms to maintain speed. Moreover, stroke rate can be seen as a useful tool for controlling arm technique during paced exercise.  相似文献   

Books received     

Sidney Rosen 《科学教学研究杂志》1966,4(4):293-293

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Knowledge-Enhanced Latent Semantic Indexing     

David Guo  Michael W. Berry  Bryan B. Thompson  Sidney Bailin 《Information Retrieval》2003,6(2):225-250

Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is a popular information retrieval model for concept-based searching. As with many vector space IR models, LSI requires an existing term-document association structure such as a term-by-document matrix. The term-by-document matrix, constructed during document parsing, can only capture weighted vocabulary occurrence patterns in the documents. However, for many knowledge domains there are pre-existing semantic structures that could be used to organize and categorize information. The goals of this study are (i) to demonstrate how such semantic structures can be automatically incorporated into the LSI vector space model, and (ii) to measure the effect of these structures on query matching performance. The new approach, referred to as Knowledge-Enhanced LSI, is applied to documents in the OHSUMED medical abstracts collection using the semantic structures provided by the UMLS Semantic Network and MeSH. Results based on precision-recall data (11-point average precision values) indicate that a MeSH-enhanced search index is capable of delivering noticeable incremental performance gain (as much as 35%) over the original LSI for modest constraints on precision. This performance gain is achieved by replacing the original query with the MeSH heading extracted from the query text via regular expression matches.  相似文献   

Language in the Education of the Working Class     

Professor  Harold Rosen 《English in Education》1982,16(2):17-25

A shortened version of a lecture delivered at the University of Sussex, October 1981. The original list of references stands.
It is a limitation in much of the literature on language and class that the language (or sociolect) of each class is treated as though it exists in isolation from that of other classes and independent of class relationships. In fact it is an important feature of our society that workers encounter the language of other social strata in certain significant contexts, in their place of work, in the media, in their necessary negotiations with bureaucracy. Children encounter a sociolect different from their own in school though that contact is full of social and linguistic ambiguities. But as Edward Thompson (1965) says  相似文献   

Three sources of differences between educational and developmental psychology: resolution through educational-developmental psychology     

Sidney Strauss 《Instructional Science》1986,15(1):275-286

Although educational and developmental psychology should inform each other, it is unusual when they do so. Three reasons are offered for the differences between the two psychologies. First, the content of research and purposes for choosing that content are different. Second, the significance of developmental sequences is different for the two psychologies, and the role of values in developmental sequences also differs. And third, there are differences in the search for biologically constrained laws of human cognitive development versus schooling effects. It is suggested that the two psychologies can inform each other. The zone where the two psychologies meet, the zone of educational-developmental psychology, is an emergent area which is neither developmental nor educational psychology as traditionally practiced, but it takes elements from both.This is Working Paper Number 47 of the Tel-Aviv University Unit of Human Development and Education. I would like to thank Pnina Frenkel, Tamar Globerson, Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Iris Levin, Ken Russell, Gavriel Salomon, and Liliana Tolchinsky for extremely valuable comments on an earlier draft of this article.  相似文献   

Letters to the editor     

Sidney L. Pressey  Wm. Clark Trow  Raymond G. Kuhlen  Robert E. Silverman  Donald Snygg 《教育心理学家》2013,48(2):4-5

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Anip of otherness,like life: The novels of Lucy Boston     

Sidney Robbins 《Children‘s Literature in Education》1971,2(3):5-16

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Letters     

Sidney E. Jones 《The Urban Review》1968,2(5):30-31

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Family Bonding with Universities     

Jonathan Meer  Harvey S. Rosen 《Research in higher education》2010,51(7):641-658

One justification offered for legacy admissions policies at universities is that that they bind entire families to the university. Proponents maintain that these policies have a number of benefits, including increased donations from members of these families. We use a rich set of data from an anonymous selective research institution to investigate which types of family members have the most important effect upon donative behavior. We find that the effects of attendance by members of the younger generation (children, children-in-law, nieces and nephews) are greater than the effects of attendance by the older generations (parents, parents-in-law, aunts and uncles). Previous research has indicated that, in a variety of contexts, men and women differ in their altruistic behavior. However, we find that there are no statistically discernible differences between men and women in the way their donations depends on the alumni status of various types of relatives. Neither does the gender of the various types of relatives who attended the university seem to matter. Thus, for example, the impact of having a son attend the university is no different from the effect of a daughter.  相似文献