Reducing Risk for Substance Use by Economically Disadvantaged Young Men: Positive Family Environments and Pathways to Educational Attainment          下载免费PDF全文

Monica J. Martin  Rand D. Conger  Stephanie L. Sitnick  April S. Masarik  Erika E. Forbes  Daniel S. Shaw 《Child development》2015,86(6):1719-1737

Using prospective, longitudinal data spanning 10 years (age = 10–20) from a study of 295 economically disadvantaged males, the current investigation evaluated a developmental model that links early family environment and later educational aspirations, extracurricular activities, and educational attainment to substance use in early adulthood. The results indicate that a positive family environment during adolescence (low family conflict, high family warmth, and effective child management) predicted educational involvements during adolescence that promoted educational attainment during early adulthood. Finally, higher levels of educational attainment were associated with less substance use in early adulthood, even after controlling for adolescent substance use. These findings suggest that positive parenting promotes educational achievements that increase resilience to substance use for economically disadvantaged males.  相似文献   

Translating Ovide Decroly’s ideas to Brazilian teachers     

Alessandra Arce Hai  Frank Simon  Marc Depaepe 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2015,51(6):744-767

This article seeks to analyse, comprehend and apprehend the appropriation processes of Ovide Decroly’s ideas in Brazil through the translation of his books and that of Amélie Hamaïde into Portuguese. The article discusses the following questions. Why did Brazilian intellectuals and teachers need to import Decroly’s ideas to be applied in Brazilian schools? Did the translation of Decroly’s and Hamaïde’s books play an innovative role in Brazilian society? Did the release of these books bring about changes, and did it stabilise and legitimise discourses that were already present in Brazil? Who were the translation agents of those books? First, discussions concerning travelling knowledge and cultural translation, as well as translation and the role of translation agents, are introduced. The translated books and their (production) contexts are then presented, comparing and analysing the source books and the translations. The analyses aim at understanding this journey and answering these questions, and it will be shown that Decroly’s ideas were torn apart into “pieces of knowledge” gaining life and autonomy throughout the journey, and turning into facts. It is advocated that his ideas were appropriated as “indigenous foreigners” in Brazil.  相似文献   

School students’ confidence when answering diagnostic questions online     

Foster  Colin  Woodhead  Simon  Barton  Craig  Clark-Wilson  Alison 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2022,109(3):491-521

Educational Studies in Mathematics - In this paper, we analyse a large, opportunistic dataset of responses (N = 219,826) to online, diagnostic multiple-choice mathematics questions, provided by...  相似文献   

Early manifestations of intellectual performance: Evidence that genetic effects on later academic test performance are mediated through verbal performance in early childhood     

Chloe Austerberry  Pasco Fearon  Angelica Ronald  Leslie D. Leve  Jody M. Ganiban  Misaki N. Natsuaki  Daniel S. Shaw  Jenae M. Neiderhiser  David Reiss 《Child development》2022,93(2):e188-e206

Intellectual performance is highly heritable and robustly predicts lifelong health and success but the earliest manifestations of genetic effects on this asset are not well understood. This study examined whether early executive function (EF) or verbal performance mediate genetic influences on subsequent intellectual performance, in 561 U.S.-based adoptees (57% male) and their birth and adoptive parents (70% and 92% White, 13% and 4% African American, 7% and 2% Latinx, respectively), administered measures in 2003–2017. Genetic influences on children's academic performance at 7 years were mediated by verbal performance at 4.5 years (β = .22, 95% CI [0.08, 0.35], p = .002) and not via EF, indicating that verbal performance is an early manifestation of genetic propensity for intellectual performance.  相似文献   

Language and reading impairments are associated with increased prevalence of non-right-handedness     

Filippo Abbondanza  Philip S. Dale  Carol A. Wang  Marianna E. Hayiou-Thomas  Umar Toseeb  Tanner S. Koomar  Karen G. Wigg  Yu Feng  Kaitlyn M. Price  Elizabeth N. Kerr  Sharon L. Guger  Maureen W. Lovett  Lisa J. Strug  Elsje van Bergen  Conor V. Dolan  J. Bruce Tomblin  Kristina Moll  Gerd Schulte-Körne  Nina Neuhoff  Andreas Warnke  Simon E. Fisher  Cathy L. Barr  Jacob J. Michaelson  Dorret I. Boomsma  Margaret J. Snowling  Charles Hulme  Andrew J. O. Whitehouse  Craig E. Pennell  Dianne F. Newbury  John Stein  Joel B. Talcott  Dorothy V. M. Bishop  Silvia Paracchini 《Child development》2023,94(4):970-984

Handedness has been studied for association with language-related disorders because of its link with language hemispheric dominance. No clear pattern has emerged, possibly because of small samples, publication bias, and heterogeneous criteria across studies. Non-right-handedness (NRH) frequency was assessed in N = 2503 cases with reading and/or language impairment and N = 4316 sex-matched controls identified from 10 distinct cohorts (age range 6–19 years old; European ethnicity) using a priori set criteria. A meta-analysis (N_cases = 1994) showed elevated NRH % in individuals with language/reading impairment compared with controls (OR = 1.21, CI = 1.06–1.39, p = .01). The association between reading/language impairments and NRH could result from shared pathways underlying brain lateralization, handedness, and cognitive functions.  相似文献   

Developmental trajectories of behavioral inhibition from infancy to age seven: The role of genetic and environmental risk for psychopathology     

Berenice Anaya  Jenae M. Neiderhiser  Koraly Pérez-Edgar  Leslie D. Leve  Jody M. Ganiban  David Reiss  Misaki N. Natsuaki  Daniel S. Shaw 《Child development》2023,94(4):e231-e245

The present study leveraged data from a longitudinal adoption study of 361 families recruited between 2003 and 2010 in the United States. We investigated how psychopathology symptoms in birth parents (BP; M_age = 24.1 years; 50.5–62.9% completed high school) and adoptive parents (AP; M_age = 37.8 years; 80.9% completed college; 94% mother–father couples) influenced children's behavioral inhibition (BI) trajectories. We used latent growth models of observed BI at 18 and 27 months, and 4.5 and 7 years in a sample of adopted children (Female = 42%, White = 57%, Black = 11%, Multi-racial = 21%, Latinx = 9%). BI generally decreased over time, yet there was substantial variability in these trajectories. Neither BP nor AP psychopathology symptoms independently predicted systematic differences in BI trajectories. Instead, we found that AP internalizing symptoms moderated the effects of BP psychopathology on trajectories of BI, indicating a gene by environment interaction.  相似文献   

An improvement on the transient response of tracking for the sampled-data system based on an improved PD-type iterative learning control     

Fu-Ming Chen  Jason Sheng-Hong Tsai  Ying-Ting Liao  Shu-Mei Guo  Ming-Chung Ho  Fu-Zen Shaw  Leang-San Shieh 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2014

An improvement on the transient response of tracking for the sampled-data system based on an improved PD-type iterative learning control (ILC) is proposed in this paper. The developed analog ILC method and the high-gain property tracker design methodology are first combined to significantly reduce learning epochs and overcome the initial condition shift problem and discontinuous reference input in the traditional ILC. Besides, the proposed ILC improves the transient response and decreases the rate of weighting matrices Q$Q$ to R$R$ under the traditional linear quadratic tracker design. First, the off-line observer/Kalman filter identification (OKID) is used to determine the appropriate (low-) order system parameters and state estimator for the physical system with unknown system equation, so that the model-based PD-type ILC can be implemented for practical applications. Then, to improve the transient response and decrease the control effort, the proportional difference type (PD-type) ILC algorithm is combined with the high-gain property linear quadratic tracker (LQT) design to construct the high performance tracker for the model-based sampled-data systems. Furthermore, the discrete-time version high performance tracker design for the unknown stochastic sampled-data system via the iterative learning control method is proposed in this paper based on the Euler method and the digital redesign approach. Finally, some examples are given for illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.  相似文献   

Dual-mode on-demand droplet routing in multiple microchannels using a magnetic fluid as carrier phase     

Jitae Kim  June Won  Simon Song 《Biomicrofluidics》2014,8(5)

We present dual-mode, on-demand droplet routing in a multiple-outlet microfluidic device using an oil-based magnetic fluid. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticle-contained oleic acid (MNOA) was used as a carrier phase for droplet generation and manipulation. The water-in-MNOA droplets were selectively distributed in a curved microchannel with three branches by utilizing both a hydrodynamic laminar flow pattern and an external magnetic field. Without the applied magnetic field, the droplets travelled along a hydrodynamic centerline that was displaced at each bifurcating junction. However, in the presence of a permanent magnet, they were repelled from the centerline and diverted into the desired channel when the repelled distance exceeded the minimum offset allocated to the channel. The repelled distance, which is proportional to the magnetic field gradient, was manipulated by controlling the magnet''s distance from the device. To evaluate routing performance, three different sizes of droplets with diameters of 63, 88, and 102 μm were directed into designated outlets with the magnet positioned at varying distances. The result demonstrated that the 102-μm droplets were sorted with an accuracy of ∼93%. Our technique enables on-demand droplet routing in multiple outlet channels by simply manipulating magnet positions (active mode) as well as size-based droplet separation with a fixed magnet position (passive mode).  相似文献   

The Report of the National Commission on Excellence: Heeding the Messages of past Experience     

Joseph F. Rogus  Elizabeth Shaw 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2013,86(2)

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Joseph Chamberlain and Free Education in the Election of 1885     

Alan Simon 《History of education》2013,42(1):56-78

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