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排序方式: 共有98条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Pat O’Connor Clare O’Hagan Eva Sophia Myers Liv Baisner Georgi Apostolov Irina Topuzova 《高等教育研究与发展》2020,39(4):764-777
ABSTRACTThis article is concerned with the source of men’s invisible advantage in the male-dominated disciplines of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). It is suggested that this advantage has been obscured by combining sponsorship and mentoring. The research asks: Are men or women most likely to be mentored? Is it possible to distinguish between mentoring and sponsorship? Is there gender variation in either or both of these depending on the source – whether from the academic supervisor, line manager or other senior academics? This qualitative study draws on interview data from 106 respondents (57 men and 48 women) at high, mid and early levels, in four universities: one each in Bulgaria, Denmark, Ireland, and Turkey. It shows that both men and women received mentoring from their PhD supervisor, albeit with slightly different reported nuances. Men were more likely than women to receive sponsorship in that relationship. Both men and women received sponsorship from the Head of Department, whose wider responsibilities may have reduced homophily. Men were more likely than women to receive sponsorship and mentoring from senior men, with most women indicating a lack of access to such senior academics. By distinguishing between mentoring and sponsorship, this article contributes to our understanding of the way male dominance in STEM is perpetuated and suggests the source of men’s invisible advantage in STEM. 相似文献
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Timothy J. Nokes Robert G. M. Hausmann Kurt VanLehn Sophia Gershman 《Instructional Science》2011,39(5):645-666
Cognitive science principles should have implications for the design of effective learning environments. The self-explanation
principle was chosen for the current work because it has developed significantly over the last 20 years. Early formulations
hypothesized that self-explanation facilitated inference generation to supply missing information about a concept or target
skill, whereas later work hypothesized that self-explanation facilitated mental-model revision (Chi, Handbook of research
on conceptual change, 2000). To better understand the complex relationship between prior knowledge, cognitive processing, and changes to a learner’s
representation, two classes of self-explanation prompts (gap-filling and mental-model revision) were tested in the domain
of physics problem solving. Prompts designed to focus the learner on gap-filling led to greater learning and a reduction in
the amount of tutoring assistance required to solve physics problems. The results are interpreted as support for the instructional
fit hypothesis—the idea that the efficacy of instruction is contingent on the match between the cognitive processing that the instruction
elicits, how those processes modify the underlying knowledge representations for the task, and the utility of those representations
for the task or problem. 相似文献
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Svenja Wachsmuth Sophia Jowett Chris G. Harwood 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2017,10(1):84-107
Although social and personal relationships are vital for productivity, health and wellbeing, conflict is inevitable and is likely to cause upset and hurt feelings as well as anxiety and distrust. Despite the potentially central role of interpersonal conflict in sport, researchers have yet to pay concerted attention to exploring the nature of conflict, its antecedents and consequences. Following a thorough literature search 80 research papers were identified, of which only a small number (6) studied interpersonal conflict directly, most captured dysfunctional interpersonal processes such as breakdown of communication. The current review aims to provide a critical summary of the existing literature around the psychological construct of interpersonal conflict, including its antecedents, management strategies and outcomes within the context of coach–athlete relationships as well as other relational contexts in sport. Based on the relevant literature, a framework of interpersonal conflict is proposed, which includes a specific focus on a key dyad within sport coaching – namely the coach–athlete dyad. Future research directions and potential practical implications for sport psychology consultants, coach educators, coaches and athletes as well as other stakeholders are discussed. 相似文献
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This study focuses on the contribution of Emmanuel Lambadarios to special education in Greece in the early twentieth century. It examines Lambadarios’s involvement in special education, culminating in the establishment of the ‘Model Special School of Athens’ (PESA), the first public special education school for children with intellectual disabilities. It specifically explores Lambadarios’s key perceptions of the education of children with disabilities influenced by his medical-centred school hygiene and paedological views, studied within the broader international context of the first four decades of the twentieth century. This is an attempt to shed light on an unknown aspect of the early history of special education in Greece, which appears to be influenced by medicine. Moreover, the latent rivalry between the physician Emmanuel Lambadarios and the educator/head teacher of the PESA, Rosa Imvrioti, indicates an educational resistance to the attempted medicalisation of the early development of special education. 相似文献
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Ethnic Differences in Associations Among Popularity,Likability, and Trajectories of Adolescents' Alcohol Use and Frequency 下载免费PDF全文
Sophia Choukas‐Bradley Matteo Giletta Enrique W. Neblett Mitchell J. Prinstein 《Child development》2015,86(2):519-535
Two‐part latent growth models examined associations between two forms of peer status (popularity, likability) and adolescents' alcohol use trajectories throughout high school; ethnicity was examined as a moderator. Ninth‐grade low‐income adolescents (N = 364; Mage = 15.08; 52.5% Caucasian; 25.8% African American; 21.7% Latino) completed sociometric nominations of peer status and aggression at baseline, and reported their alcohol use every 6 months. After controlling for gender, aggression, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, popularity—but not likability—prospectively predicted alcohol use trajectories. However, these effects were moderated by ethnicity, suggesting popularity as a risk factor for alcohol use probability and frequency among Caucasian and Latino, but not African American adolescents. Results suggest that developmental correlates of peer status should be considered within cultural context. 相似文献
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Sophia Han 《Teaching Education》2016,27(4):410-426
This article reports on a two-year self-study exploring my roles and evolving philosophy as an early childhood teacher educator teaching diversity in the US. I was interested in better understanding how and what I can learn from the complexity of my teaching experiences. Data included my professional journals, students’ reflection journals, and communication with a critical friend. I examined, when teaching diversity, how I constructed and navigated my roles, how the students constructed and perceived my roles, and how they have transformed my instructional philosophy and practices. The findings illustrated a dynamic and tension-filled experience of a teacher educator teaching diversity in the US as a perceived outsider, suggesting that it was a reflexive learning opportunity. The findings are aligned with a growing recognition that appropriate time and space is necessary for teacher educators to share and exchange their experiences and to gain support for their professional development when teaching diversity. Further, the findings are supportive of the contribution of self-study research in advancing the broader field of teacher education research. 相似文献