Influence of free surface,unsteadiness and viscous effects on oar blade hydrodynamic loads     

Alban Leroyer  Sophie Barré  Jean-Michel Kobus  Michel Visonneau 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1287-1298

Abstract

Flow around a rowing blade is a very complex phenomenon, involving unsteady three-dimensional flow with violent motion of the free surface. However, in the literature, forces acting on blades are modelled using extreme and dubious simplifications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of free surface and unsteadiness (two physical characteristics that are commonly neglected when modelling loads on blades) as well as viscous effects. In fact, quasi-static approaches are often used, with no influence of the free surface effects. To conduct this study, computational fluid dynamics is used, supported by experimental results performed with a dedicated device reproducing a simplified rowing stroke in the towing tank. Comparisons show that both free surface flow and unsteadiness must be considered to capture the whole physics of the phenomenon accurately. In contrast, the viscous effects have a very limited influence.  相似文献   

Trait self-esteem and claimed self-handicapping motives in sports situations     

Lucie Finez  Sophie Berjot  Elisabeth Rosnet  Christena Cleveland  Dianne M. Tice 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(16):1757-1765

Abstract

We examined the relationship between physical self-esteem and claimed self-handicapping among athletes by taking motives into consideration. In Study 1, 99 athletes were asked to report their tendency to engage in claimed self-handicapping for self-protective and self-enhancement motives (trait measures). Low self-esteem athletes reported a higher tendency to engage in claimed self-handicapping for these two motives compared with high self-esteem athletes. Neither low nor high self-esteem athletes reported a preference for one motive over the other. In Study 2, 107 athletes participated in a test that was ostensibly designed to assess high physical abilities – and thus to encourage self-handicapping for self-enhancement motives (success-meaningful condition) – or to assess low physical abilities, and thus to encourage self-handicapping for self-protective motives (failure-meaningful condition). Before starting the test, athletes were given the opportunity to claim handicaps that could impair their performance. Low self-esteem athletes claimed more handicaps than high self-esteem athletes in both conditions. Findings suggest that low physical self-esteem athletes engage more in claimed handicapping regardless of motives, relative to high physical self-esteem athletes.  相似文献   

Simulating the Ethical Community: Interactive Game Media and Engaging Human Rights Claims     

Sophie Oliver 《Culture, Theory & Critique》2013,54(1):93-108

Abstract

This paper examines the external bystander’s (un)ethical engagement with the suffering of distant others in the brave new world of the 21st century, where, thanks to the growth of information technologies, we are all daily spectators and bystanders of human atrocity. In a recent turn, humanitarian movements have sought to incite their audiences to action through the use of simulation and new game media – the last few years have seen a surge of ‘serious games’ such as Darfur is Dying and Sim Sweatshop, as well as the creation in online community Second Life of simulated refugee camps and political protests. The paper draws on the post‐modern theories of Jean Baudrillard and Slavoj ?i?ek, as well as the ethical philosophies of Michael Ignatieff, Stanley Cohen and Avishai Margalit, to expose the limitations of this move, arguing that interactivity and public remembering via online simulations are more properly aligned, in the real world, to interpassivity and ethical amnesia than to the forging of an effective ethical community of human beings.  相似文献   

3D与2D电视体育收看体验的对比研究     

阿瑟·雷尼  安迪·埃利斯  索菲·杰尼基  魏伟 《成都体育学院学报》2012,38(3):26-33

3D技术是体育电视发展的必然趋向。运用传播心理学的方法,通过心率监测仪等器械的实证研究,我们对受众对3D和2D的体育节目观测体验进行了对比研究。虽然仍有很多人对这一技术存在疑问,但研究结果证明3D体育转播的前景仍然是值得期待的。  相似文献   

Tourniquet syndrome: Interest of a systematic analysis of families’ social conditions to detect neglect situations     

Isabelle Claudet  Nicolas Pasian  Cécile Debuisson  Sophie Salanne  Hocine Rekhroukh 《Child abuse & neglect》2009,33(9):569-572

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Lasting impacts of an Aboriginal youth leadership retreat: a case study of Alberta’s Future Leaders Program     

Sophie Gartner-Manzon 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2018,18(4):338-352

In this paper, we use a postcolonial lens to analyze the impacts of Aboriginal youth’s participation in Alberta’s Future Leaders Program’s youth leadership retreat. While the retreat appeared to have positive lasting impacts on many of the participants, it seemed to have the greatest impact on those who already displayed Eurocentric leadership skills; it had little effect on those who did not display these skills prior to retreat participation and it focused on North American, Eurocentric approaches to leadership. By becoming more culturally relevant, we argue that the retreat could have broader impacts on a greater number of Aboriginal youth.  相似文献   

Artificial Morality: Top-down,Bottom-up,and Hybrid Approaches     

Colin?AllenEmail author  Iva?Smit  Wendell?Wallach 《Ethics and Information Technology》2005,7(3):149-155

A principal goal of the discipline of artificial morality is to design artificial agents to act as if they are moral agents. Intermediate goals of artificial morality are directed at building into AI systems sensitivity to the values, ethics, and legality of activities. The development of an effective foundation for the field of artificial morality involves exploring the technological and philosophical issues involved in making computers into explicit moral reasoners. The goal of this paper is to discuss strategies for implementing artificial morality and the differing criteria for success that are appropriate to different strategies.  相似文献   

LISTENING: AN EXPLORATION OF PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS     

Sophie Haroutunian‐Gordon  Megan J. Laverty 《Educational theory》2011,61(2):117-124

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Parental sensitivity and attachment in children with autism spectrum disorder: comparison with children with mental retardation, with language delays, and with typical development     

van Ijzendoorn MH  Rutgers AH  Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ  Swinkels SH  van Daalen E  Dietz C  Naber FB  Buitelaar JK  van Engeland H 《Child development》2007,78(2):597-608

This study on sensitivity and attachment included 55 toddlers and their parents. Samples included children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), mental retardation, language delay, and typical development. Children were diagnosed at 4 years of age. Two years before diagnosis, attachment was assessed with the Strange Situation procedure, and parental sensitivity and child involvement during free play were assessed with the Emotional Availability Scale. Parents of children with ASD were equally sensitive as parents of children without ASD, but their children showed more attachment disorganization and less child involvement. More sensitive parents had more secure children, but only in the group without ASD. Less severe autistic symptoms in the social domain predicted more attachment security. Autism challenges the validity of attachment theory.  相似文献   

Neoliberalism,new public management and the sustainable development agenda of higher education: history,contradictions and synergies     

Sophie E.F. Bessant  Zoe P. Robinson  R. Mark Ormerod 《Environmental Education Research》2015,21(3):417-432

This paper explores the ideological and the practical relationship between neoliberalism and New Public Management (NPM) and the sustainable development agenda of western higher education. Using the United Kingdom and specifically English universities as an example, it investigates the contradictions and the synergies between neoliberal and NPM ideologies and the pursuit and practice of the sustainability agenda, focusing in particular on education for sustainable development (ESD) and ESD research. This paper reveals a range of challenges and opportunities in respect of advancing sustainability in higher education, within the prevailing neoliberal context. It illustrates using examples how neoliberal and managerialist control mechanisms, which govern institutional, departmental and individual academic, as well as student behaviour, are working conversely to both drive and limit the sustainability education agenda. The case is made for further exploration of how ‘nudging’ and ‘steering’ mechanisms within English HE might provide further leverage for ESD developments in the near future, and the implications of this for sustainability educators.  相似文献