Sex-Related Responses to Eccentric-Only Resistance Training in Knee-Extensors Muscle Strength and Architecture     

Giuseppe Coratella  Stefano Longo  Emiliano Cè  Eloisa Limonta  Susanna Rampichini  Angela Valentina Bisconti 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(3):347-353

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate whether or not eccentric-only training induced different sex-related adaptations in vastus lateralis muscle architecture and knee extensors strength. Methods: Thirteen healthy women and 13 healthy men were recruited. Vastus lateralis pennation angle, fascicle length, and muscle thickness, as well as knee extensors eccentric, isometric, and concentric peak torque and one-repetition maximum (1RM) were measured. Both women and men underwent a unilateral iso-load knee-extension eccentric-only training with 120% of the concentric 1RM, consisting of 4 sets × 10 repetitions twice a week for a total of 8 weeks. Results: Pennation angle increased in women (+ 14%, 95% CI [10, 17], effect size [ES] = 1.54) but not in men (+ 5%, 95% CI [?1, 11], ES = 0.28), while fascicle length increased in both women (+ 7%, 95% CI [4, 10], ES = 1.02) and men (+ 12%, 95% CI [8, 16], ES = 1.82) and muscle thickness increased in women (+ 13%, 95% CI [8, 18], ES = 1.11) and men (+ 11%, 95% CI [7, 15], ES = 0.89). In both women and men, eccentric (18%, 95% CI [11, 25], ES = 0.96, and 16%, 95% CI [9, 22], ES = 0.82, respectively), isometric (17%, 95% CI [11, 23], ES = 0.53, and 17%, 95% CI [10, 24], ES = 0.62), concentric (12%, 95% CI [7, 16], ES = 0.49, and 9%, 95% CI [5, 13], ES = 0.42) peak torque and 1RM (10%, 95% CI [6, 14], ES = 0.53, and 10%, 95% CI [5, 15], ES = 0.50) similarly increased after the intervention. Conclusions: This study showed that the adaptations in strength are not sex-dependent, but the increases in pennation angle only in women suggest that the changes in muscle architecture may depend on sex.  相似文献   

Frequency-domain approach to robust PI control     

Wieslaw Krajewski  Stefano Miani  Umberto Viaro 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2005,342(6):674-687

The paper considers the problem of designing PI controllers for industrial processes approximated by a first-order time-delayed model. The suggested frequency-domain approach is based on a normalized open-loop transfer function and makes use of the loci of constant stability margins and other performance indices in the parameter space. In this way, it is possible to evaluate the effects of uncertainties in the process parameters and, thus, control system robustness. Some examples show how the procedure operates.  相似文献   

An international comparison of sectoral knowledge bases: persistence and integration in the pharmaceutical industry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stefano Brusoni  AldoGeuna   《Research Policy》2003,32(10):1897-1912

This paper builds upon and extends existing studies of scientific and technological specialisation by proposing an analytical framework to compare sectoral knowledge bases across countries. It develops the concepts of knowledge persistence and knowledge integration as the relevant dimensions along which knowledge bases can be compared. Persistence is studied by analysing the evolution of specialisation over time. It hints at the cumulative, path dependent nature of learning processes. Integration is studied by analysing the evolution of specialisation across different typologies of research. It hints at the complex, non-linear interdependencies that link the scientific and technological domains. On the strength of an original database encompassing 630,000 peer-reviewed papers published between 1989 and 1996 in 11 chemistry and pharmacology-related fields across three types of research (i.e. basic, applied and development), it is argued that countries with high degrees of both persistence and integration (e.g. the US in pharmacology) are the most likely sources of useful research results for EU firms’ innovative efforts in the pharmaceutical sector. Also, some doubts are cast on the existence of a European paradox in pharmaceuticals.  相似文献   

Changes in University Governance in France and in Italy     

Boffo  Stefano  Dubois  Pierre  Moscati  Roberto 《Tertiary Education and Management》2008,14(1):13-26

Tertiary Education and Management - The transformation of higher education systems under the pressure of new needs required by the “society of knowledge” in France and Italy has had a...  相似文献   

The impact of virtual technologies on knowledge-based processes: An empirical study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Antonino Vaccaro  Francisco Veloso  Stefano Brusoni   《Research Policy》2009,38(8):1278-1287

This study examines the organizational knowledge creation processes in two highly virtual teams involved in new product development projects in the automotive industry. Using Nonaka's model of knowledge creation, we explore how the virtualization of knowledge-based processes, i.e. the intensive exploitation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), has led to new forms of knowledge creation at both the individual and organizational levels. In contrast to previous studies that identify knowledge codification as the main contribution of ICTs, this study provides detailed micro-level evidence about the ability of virtual technologies to support the transfer and the creation of new knowledge – both explicit and tacit – and offers some implications for scholars and practitioners.  相似文献   

Touching epistemologies: meanings of average and variation in nursing practice     

Richard Noss  Stefano Pozzi  Celia Hoyles 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1999,40(1):25-51

We present a study of the meanings of average and variation displayed by paediatric nurses. We trace how these meanings shape, and are shaped by, nurses' interpretations of trends in patient and population data. We suggest a theoretical framework for making sense of the data which compares and contrasts nurses' epistemology with that of official mathematics. Finally, we outline some provisional didactical implications.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Popular Protest Against Hungarian Symbols in Croatia (1883–1903). A Study in Visual History     

Stefano Petrungaro 《Cultural and Social History》2016,13(4):503-520

The article investigates the visual dimension of popular protests in Habsburg Croatia at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century, reconstructing the history of a precise pattern of popular protest, i.e. anti-Hungarian unrests. Furthermore, the article explores the relationships that peasant masses established with some key national symbols, namely the Hungarian and Croatian flag, showing the multiple and contested meaning assigned to them by the members of the elite and the peasants. Second, the article shows how popular reception of these visual symbols changed during the examined period. The main issues addressed are therefore the mass nationalization and politicization of rural population in these regions, raising some general questions related to the symbolic language of social conflict.  相似文献   

Universities’ attractiveness to students: The Darwinism effect     

Mattia Cattaneo  Hugo Horta  Paolo Malighetti  Michele Meoli  Stefano Paleari 《Higher Education Quarterly》2019,73(1):85-99

Due to significant government cuts to Higher Education funding in Southern European systems, their already underfunded universities were forced to increasingly compete for students as sources of additional revenue. Concurrently, families and students that continued to afford participation in Higher Education became more selective when choosing a university, realising the riskier investment that Higher Education participation had become. Through a competing destinations model and relying on all Italian private and public universities, this study finds that the competition forces characterising universities’ attractiveness over the last decade have changed since the financial crisis of 2008. In a context of lower demand for Higher Education, the competition for students grew and universities in close proximity were better prepared to face the new challenges, leading to the growth of Higher Education clusters.  相似文献   

On crimes and punishments in virtual worlds: bots, the failure of punishment and players as moral entrepreneurs     

Stefano De Paoli  Aphra Kerr 《Ethics and Information Technology》2012,14(2):73-87

This paper focuses on the role of punishment as a critical social mechanism for cheating prevention in MMORPGs. The role of punishment is empirically investigated in a case study of the MMORPG Tibia (Cipsoft 1997–2011) () and by focusing on the use of bots to cheat. We describe the failure of punishment in Tibia, which is perceived by players as one of the elements facilitating the proliferation of bots. In this process some players act as a moral enterprising group contributing to the reform of the game rules and in particular to the reform of the Tibia punishment system by the game company. In the conclusion we consider the ethical issues raised by our findings and we propose some general reflections on the role of punishment and social mechanisms for the governance of online worlds more generally.  相似文献   

On the damage of frescoes and stuccoes on the lower surface of historical flat suspended light vaults     

Enrico Quagliarini  Stefano Lenci  Elena Seri 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2012,13(3):293-303

In many historical and monumental Italian buildings, frescoes or stuccoes of artistic and historical value are present on the lower surface of flat light vaults, made by wooden arches, reeds and plaster. These vaults are often suspended by wooden or metallic ties to the upper bearing structures. When differential settlements of the wooden arches happen (i.e.: due to a bad working of their hangings) cracks appear on these precious surfaces. This paper experimentally and numerically investigates on this issue, pointing out which constructive parameters mainly influence the cracking behaviour of the frescoed or stuccoed lower surface, and thus providing guide lines for designing compatible conservation and retrofitting interventions.  相似文献